Introduction to Microbiology Flashcards
Black death
Yersinia pestis
What is medical microbiology?
Prevention (Prophylaxis)
Diagnosis
Treatment
Size of worms
Unaided eye
1000mm - 1mm
Size of fungi
Light microscope
10-4m
10-6m
Size of bacteria
Light microscope
10-5m
10-6m
Size of Prions
Electron microscope
10-8m
Atoms size
0.1nm
Electron microscope
lipids size
1nm
Electron microscope
Protein size
10nm
Electron microscope
Flu virus size
100nm
Electron microscope
Bacteria size
1pm
Light microscope
Electron microscope
Mitochondria size
1pm
Light microscope
Electron microscope
Animal cell size
Light microscope
Electron microscope
10-100pm
Plant cell size
Light microscope
Electron microscope
10-100pm
Human egg size
Light microscope
Human eye
50pm
Frog egg size
Light microscope
human eye
1mm
chicken egg size
40mm
human eye
Physiological Impact of infectious disease
At least 60% of what reaches the clinic
Paediatric, adult and geriatrics
Synergy with genetic dysfunctions (e.g. diabetes, COPD, chron’s, asthma, CF, cancer…)
Infectious disease
Structural impact
e. g. bone repair and growth
e. g. foreign body impant (hip replacement)
Infectious Disease
Impact
Communication and Understanding
Professional contribution
towards the patient
*Research besides practice
Terms
Mechanism
Pathogenesis
Molecular pathogenesis
Terms
The mechanism is mediated by a microbe
Microbrial pathogenesis
Terms
Cause disease
Disease aeitology
Terms
Disease cause: a microbe
Microbrial disease
Terms
By microbial invasion / multiplication
Infectious disease
Terms
ID that spreads through a given path(s)
Communicable disease
Terms
ID communicable through hosts
Contagious disease
Nomenclature meaning
Name
Classification meaning
Rules to allow orderly grouping of organisms
Identification meaning
Recognition of the characteristics of an organism
Phylogeny meaning
origin
Eukayrota features
Unicellular Flagellated Heterotrophic Kinetoplast Trypanosomatidae
What is nomenclature based on?
Size Shape Host Biochemical Genetic make-up Disease vectors Geographic location
Human viruses of clinical importance
Rabies Hepatitis B Yellow fever virus Middle East Respiratory Syndrome virus Human immunodeficiency virus Measles virus Ebola virus
Prions
What are they?
bad proteins
Types of cell
Prokaryotic cell
Bacteria
Types of cell
Eukaryotic cell
Protists
Fungi
Animals
Plants
Prokaryote
Organisms
Bacteria
Archaea
Prokaryote
Cell size
0.5 - 10um
viruses are not prokarotes
Prokaryote
Membrane
No carbohydrates and lacks sterols
Prokaryote
Ribosomes
60S + 40S subunits (plus mitochondria and chloroplasts)
51 proteins
Non-compartmentalized transcription / translation
Prokaryote
DNA
Chromosome free floating in the cellular cytoplasm
1 chromosone
1 chromosomal origin of replication
episomes present (e.g. plasmids)
Non-protein wrapped chromosome
replicated by binary fission
extremely compact gene
Operon / polycistronic gene expression
Mostly protein encoding regions
no gene split
Prokaryote
Organelles
No
Prokaryote
Cell wall and external envelopes
Cell wall in bacteria and archaea (structurally / functionally complex)
Outer most external envelopes of proteic, carbohydrate or lipid nature (e.g. capsule)
Prokaryote
Metabolism
Aerobic
Anaerobic
Diverse
What are episomes?
Episomes are linked to the horizontal of pathogenic components and antibiotic resistance
Eukaryote
Organisms
Animal
Plant
Fungi
Eukaryote
Cell size
10 - 100um
Eukaryote
Membrane
Contains sterols and carbohydrates
Eukaryote
Ribosome
50S + 30S subunits
82 proteins
Compartmentalized transcription and translation
Eukaryote
DNA
Chromosome enveloped by membrane (nuclear membrane)
Various chromosomes
Multiple chromosomal replication origins
No episomes
Protein wrapped chromosome e.g. Histones
Replication by mitosis / meisosis
Not as compact genome
Monocistronic gene expression
Large (95%) non-coding regions
Gene split (intron/exon structure)
Eukaryote
Organelles
Yes
lyposomes, peroxisomes, microtubules, endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, golgi, vacuoles/vesicles.
Eukaryote
Cell wall and external envelopes
Cell wall only in plants, plant-like protists, and fungi (structurally / functionally simpler)
No external envelopes
Eukaryote
Metabolism
Mainly aerobic
