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Medical Sciences - Microbiology - Level 4 > Introduction to Microbiology > Flashcards

Introduction to Microbiology Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Black death

A

Yersinia pestis

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2
Q

What is medical microbiology?

A

Prevention (Prophylaxis)

Diagnosis

Treatment

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3
Q

Size of worms

A

Unaided eye

1000mm - 1mm

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4
Q

Size of fungi

A

Light microscope

10-4m
10-6m

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5
Q

Size of bacteria

A

Light microscope

10-5m
10-6m

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6
Q

Size of Prions

A

Electron microscope

10-8m

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7
Q

Atoms size

A

0.1nm

Electron microscope

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8
Q

lipids size

A

1nm

Electron microscope

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9
Q

Protein size

A

10nm

Electron microscope

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10
Q

Flu virus size

A

100nm

Electron microscope

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11
Q

Bacteria size

A

1pm
Light microscope
Electron microscope

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12
Q

Mitochondria size

A

1pm
Light microscope
Electron microscope

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13
Q

Animal cell size

A

Light microscope
Electron microscope
10-100pm

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14
Q

Plant cell size

A

Light microscope
Electron microscope
10-100pm

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15
Q

Human egg size

A

Light microscope
Human eye
50pm

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16
Q

Frog egg size

A

Light microscope
human eye
1mm

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17
Q

chicken egg size

A

40mm

human eye

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18
Q

Physiological Impact of infectious disease

A

At least 60% of what reaches the clinic
Paediatric, adult and geriatrics
Synergy with genetic dysfunctions (e.g. diabetes, COPD, chron’s, asthma, CF, cancer…)

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19
Q

Infectious disease

Structural impact

A

e. g. bone repair and growth

e. g. foreign body impant (hip replacement)

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20
Q

Infectious Disease

Impact

Communication and Understanding

A

Professional contribution
towards the patient

*Research besides practice

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21
Q

Terms

Mechanism

A

Pathogenesis

Molecular pathogenesis

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22
Q

Terms

The mechanism is mediated by a microbe

A

Microbrial pathogenesis

23
Q

Terms

Cause disease

A

Disease aeitology

24
Q

Terms

Disease cause: a microbe

A

Microbrial disease

25
Q

Terms

By microbial invasion / multiplication

A

Infectious disease

26
Q

Terms

ID that spreads through a given path(s)

A

Communicable disease

27
Q

Terms

ID communicable through hosts

A

Contagious disease

28
Q

Nomenclature meaning

A

Name

29
Q

Classification meaning

A

Rules to allow orderly grouping of organisms

30
Q

Identification meaning

A

Recognition of the characteristics of an organism

31
Q

Phylogeny meaning

A

origin

32
Q

Eukayrota features

A 
Unicellular 
Flagellated 
Heterotrophic 
Kinetoplast
Trypanosomatidae
33
Q

What is nomenclature based on?

A 
Size
Shape
Host
Biochemical
Genetic make-up
Disease vectors
Geographic location
34
Q

Human viruses of clinical importance

A 
Rabies
Hepatitis B 
Yellow fever virus 
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome virus
Human immunodeficiency virus 
Measles virus 
Ebola virus
35
Q

Prions

What are they?

A

bad proteins

36
Q

Types of cell

Prokaryotic cell

A

Bacteria

37
Q

Types of cell

Eukaryotic cell

A

Protists
Fungi
Animals
Plants

38
Q

Prokaryote

Organisms

A

Bacteria

Archaea

39
Q

Prokaryote

Cell size

A

0.5 - 10um

viruses are not prokarotes

40
Q

Prokaryote

Membrane

A

No carbohydrates and lacks sterols

41
Q

Prokaryote

Ribosomes

A

60S + 40S subunits (plus mitochondria and chloroplasts)
51 proteins
Non-compartmentalized transcription / translation

42
Q

Prokaryote

DNA

A

Chromosome free floating in the cellular cytoplasm

1 chromosone

1 chromosomal origin of replication

episomes present (e.g. plasmids)

Non-protein wrapped chromosome

replicated by binary fission

extremely compact gene

Operon / polycistronic gene expression

Mostly protein encoding regions

no gene split

43
Q

Prokaryote

Organelles

A

No

44
Q

Prokaryote

Cell wall and external envelopes

A

Cell wall in bacteria and archaea (structurally / functionally complex)

Outer most external envelopes of proteic, carbohydrate or lipid nature (e.g. capsule)

45
Q

Prokaryote

Metabolism

A

Aerobic
Anaerobic
Diverse

46
Q

What are episomes?

A

Episomes are linked to the horizontal of pathogenic components and antibiotic resistance

47
Q

Eukaryote

Organisms

A

Animal

Plant

Fungi

48
Q

Eukaryote

Cell size

A

10 - 100um

49
Q

Eukaryote

Membrane

A

Contains sterols and carbohydrates

50
Q

Eukaryote

Ribosome

A

50S + 30S subunits
82 proteins
Compartmentalized transcription and translation

51
Q

Eukaryote

DNA

A

Chromosome enveloped by membrane (nuclear membrane)
Various chromosomes
Multiple chromosomal replication origins
No episomes
Protein wrapped chromosome e.g. Histones
Replication by mitosis / meisosis
Not as compact genome
Monocistronic gene expression
Large (95%) non-coding regions
Gene split (intron/exon structure)

52
Q

Eukaryote

Organelles

A

Yes

lyposomes, peroxisomes, microtubules, endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, golgi, vacuoles/vesicles.

53
Q

Eukaryote

Cell wall and external envelopes

A

Cell wall only in plants, plant-like protists, and fungi (structurally / functionally simpler)

No external envelopes

54
Q

Eukaryote

Metabolism

A

Mainly aerobic

Medical Sciences - Microbiology - Level 4 (1 decks)

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