Introduction To Micro-Organisms

Question 1

Define a micro-organism

Answer 1

An organism that is microscopic

Question 2

What is another word for a micro-organism?

Answer 2

A microbe

Question 3

What is the study of micro-organisms called?

Answer 3

Microbiology

Question 4

Who did micro-biology begin with?

Answer 4

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

Question 5

When did Anton van Leeuwenhoek discover micro-organisms?

Answer 5

1675

Question 6

Where do micro-organisms live?

Answer 6

All parts of the biosphere where there is liquid water including soil, hot springs, on the ocean floor, high in the atmosphere and deep inside the earth’s crust

Question 7

What is the function of the microscope?

Answer 7

To enhance our sense of sight to organisms that are not visible to the naked eye

Question 8

What are photographs taken with the electron microscope called?

Answer 8

Electron micrographs

Question 9

What is the function of the scales on the micrographs?

Answer 9

To show the actual size of the objects in the micrograph

Question 10

How long have micro-organisms existed of Earth?

Answer 10

Millions of years

Question 11

What do microbe fossils date back to?

Answer 11

3.5 billion years ago

Question 12

Have fossilised bacteria been found in South Africa?

Answer 12

Yes

Question 13

When we’re micro-organisms only observed?

Answer 13

The 1800’s

Question 14

Why were micro-organisms only observed in the 1800’s?

Answer 14

Because of the invention of the microscope with lenses powerful enough to magnify them

Question 15

What is life on Earth divided into?

Answer 15

Five kingdoms

Question 16

What are the five kingdoms divided according to?

Answer 16

Their different characteristics

Question 17

Name the five kingdoms

Answer 17

Monera , Protista, Fungi, Plantae and Animalia

Question 18

What is an example of an organism in kingdom Monera?

Answer 18

Bacteria including cyanobacteria

Question 19

What is the type of organisation of organisms in kingdom Monera?

Answer 19

Small, Simple and Unicellular

Question 20

What is the type of nutrition that organisms in kingdom Monera obtain?

Answer 20

They absorb food(decomposes) and some photosynthesise

Question 21

Name 3 examples of organisms in kingdom Protista?

Answer 21

Protozoans, Algae and Water moulds

Question 22

What do s the type of organisation of organisms in kingdom Protista?

Answer 22

Complex and Unicellular

Question 23

What is the type of nutrition that organism in kingdom Protista obtain?

Answer 23

They absorb(decomposes),photosynthesise(autotrophs) or ingest(heterotrophs)

Question 24

What are 2 examples of organism in kingdom Fungi?

Answer 24

Moles and mushroooms

Question 25

What is the organisation of organisms in kingdom fungi?

Answer 25

Multicellular organisms with specialised complex cells

Question 26

What is the type of nutrition that organisms in kingdom Fungi obtain?

Answer 26

Absorbs food(decomposes)

Question 27

Define eukaryotes

Answer 27

Organisms with a true nucleus

Question 28

Define prokaryotes

Answer 28

Organisms without a true nucleus

Question 29

Which kingdoms within the 5 kingdoms systems are eukaryotic?

Answer 29

Protista, Fungi, Plantae and Animalia

Question 30

Which kingdom in the 5 kingdoms system is prokaryotic?

Answer 30

Kingdom Monera

Question 31

State the 7 characteristics of life

Answer 31

Movement Respiration Sensitivity Growth Reproduction Excretion Nutrition

Question 32

Name the two groups that don’t fit into either the 5 kingdom system or the classification according to type of nucleus

Answer 32

Viruses and Prions

Question 33

As viruses are neither organisms or cells and as they don’t carry out the characteristics of life,what are they then called?

Answer 33

Quasi-living

Question 34

Define prions

Answer 34

Proteins that cause diseases amongst different organisms

Question 35

What is another term for prions?

Answer 35

Complex proteins

Question 36

State 3 characteristics of micro-organisms

Answer 36

1. Many of unicellular not all 2. They contain genetic material in the form of DNA 3. Micro-organisms reproduce quickly by asexual reproduction