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Life Sciences > Introduction To Micro-Organisms > Flashcards

Introduction To Micro-Organisms Flashcards

1
Q

Define a micro-organism

A

An organism that is microscopic

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2
Q

What is another word for a micro-organism?

A

A microbe

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3
Q

What is the study of micro-organisms called?

A

Microbiology

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4
Q

Who did micro-biology begin with?

A

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

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5
Q

When did Anton van Leeuwenhoek discover micro-organisms?

A

1675

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6
Q

Where do micro-organisms live?

A

All parts of the biosphere where there is liquid water including soil, hot springs, on the ocean floor, high in the atmosphere and deep inside the earth’s crust

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7
Q

What is the function of the microscope?

A

To enhance our sense of sight to organisms that are not visible to the naked eye

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8
Q

What are photographs taken with the electron microscope called?

A

Electron micrographs

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9
Q

What is the function of the scales on the micrographs?

A

To show the actual size of the objects in the micrograph

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10
Q

How long have micro-organisms existed of Earth?

A

Millions of years

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11
Q

What do microbe fossils date back to?

A

3.5 billion years ago

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12
Q

Have fossilised bacteria been found in South Africa?

A

Yes

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13
Q

When we’re micro-organisms only observed?

A

The 1800’s

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14
Q

Why were micro-organisms only observed in the 1800’s?

A

Because of the invention of the microscope with lenses powerful enough to magnify them

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15
Q

What is life on Earth divided into?

A

Five kingdoms

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16
Q

What are the five kingdoms divided according to?

A

Their different characteristics

17
Q

Name the five kingdoms

A

Monera , Protista, Fungi, Plantae and Animalia

18
Q

What is an example of an organism in kingdom Monera?

A

Bacteria including cyanobacteria

19
Q

What is the type of organisation of organisms in kingdom Monera?

A

Small, Simple and Unicellular

20
Q

What is the type of nutrition that organisms in kingdom Monera obtain?

A

They absorb food(decomposes) and some photosynthesise

21
Q

Name 3 examples of organisms in kingdom Protista?

A

Protozoans, Algae and Water moulds

22
Q

What do s the type of organisation of organisms in kingdom Protista?

A

Complex and Unicellular

23
Q

What is the type of nutrition that organism in kingdom Protista obtain?

A

They absorb(decomposes),photosynthesise(autotrophs) or ingest(heterotrophs)

24
Q

What are 2 examples of organism in kingdom Fungi?

A

Moles and mushroooms

25
Q

What is the organisation of organisms in kingdom fungi?

A

Multicellular organisms with specialised complex cells

26
Q

What is the type of nutrition that organisms in kingdom Fungi obtain?

A

Absorbs food(decomposes)

27
Q

Define eukaryotes

A

Organisms with a true nucleus

28
Q

Define prokaryotes

A

Organisms without a true nucleus

29
Q

Which kingdoms within the 5 kingdoms systems are eukaryotic?

A

Protista, Fungi, Plantae and Animalia

30
Q

Which kingdom in the 5 kingdoms system is prokaryotic?

A

Kingdom Monera

31
Q

State the 7 characteristics of life

A

Movement
Respiration
Sensitivity
Growth
Reproduction
Excretion
Nutrition

32
Q

Name the two groups that don’t fit into either the 5 kingdom system or the classification according to type of nucleus

A

Viruses and Prions

33
Q

As viruses are neither organisms or cells and as they don’t carry out the characteristics of life,what are they then called?

A

Quasi-living

34
Q

Define prions

A

Proteins that cause diseases amongst different organisms

35
Q

What is another term for prions?

A

Complex proteins

36
Q

State 3 characteristics of micro-organisms

A
  1. Many of unicellular not all
  2. They contain genetic material in the form of DNA
  3. Micro-organisms reproduce quickly by asexual reproduction

Life Sciences (4 decks)

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