Introduction to metabolism Flashcards
True or False: Nathan loves Biochemistry very much
Yes!!! <3
Where ETC happens..
inner mito membrane
The final common pathway by which electrons
derived from different fuels of the body flow to oxygen
ETC
The inner mitochondrial
membrane is impermeable to most
small ions, including and small molecules such as j
ATP, ADP, pyruvate, and other metabolites important to mitochondrial function. True or False
True!
Convlutions of the Inner Mitochondrial Membrane
Cristae
Capacity to do work
Energy
Energy in the process of doing work
Kinetic
Energy content due to arrangement or position of matter
Potential
study of energy transformations that
occur in a collection of matter
Thermodynamics
the study of energy in living systems;
Thermodynamics applied to living organisms
Bioenergetics
The amount of energy in the universe in CONSTANT but
not homogenous. T or F
True
Energy cannot be created nor destroyed, but only
converted to other forms.
First law of thermodynamics
Every reaction results in an increase in entropy and the loss of usable energy (free energy) as heat. T or F
True
EQUATIONS OF ENERGY
∆G = G B – G A ∆H = H B – H A
Free energy difference of a system in STANDARD
CONDITION (i.e. 25ºC, 1 atm)
∆G^0
Catabolic Pathways endergonic or exergonic?
Exergonic Rxns=Those that release energy by breaking down complex molecules into simpler compounds such as glycolysis
It measures the tendency of oxidant to gain electrons and
to become reduced; This is potential energy
Reduction potential
More positive= Higher reduction potential. torf
True
The more POSITIVE the reduction potential difference is,
the easier the redox reaction. TorF
True
Oxidation of foods can be used to synthesize ATP. TorF
True
loss of hydrogen
Dehydrogenase
gain of oxygen
oxygenase
electron transfer to molecular oxygen
oxidases
Electrons move from a carrier with ___ redox potential to a carrier with ___ redox potential
lower; higher
Anabolic reactions \_\_\_\_ energy to synthesize complicated molecules from simpler compounds a reductive process that requires energy
consume
Catabolic reactions \_\_\_ energy by breaking down complex molecules into simpler compounds an oxidative process that releases energy
release
Contents of atp
ribose, adenine, phosphate
makes inner membrane impermeable to ions
cardiolipin, which has 4 FA
A multi-enzyme complex which catalyzes the conversion of
pyruvate (produced from glycolysis) to acetyl-CoA
Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex
Mnemonics for Krebs Cycle
Can I keep selling sex for money, oficer?
Proposes that energy from ETC is stored in a high-energy
phosphate intermediate and drives ATP synthesis
Chemical Coupling Hypothesis
Proposes that energy from ETC is stored in a high-energy
protein conformation
. Conformational Coupling Hypothesis
Requires an intact membrane & ADP supply to open F 0 –
F 1 channel
The electron gradient created in sensed by the F 0 – F 1
ATP synthase, which pumps H
+
into the matrix; it
undergoes conformational change, allowing H
+
to enter
Chemiosmotic Hypothesis
Dissolve in the membrane and function as carriers for H
+
- does not involve direct binding to any protein in ETC or ATP
synthase
Uncoupling Reagents (Uncouplers) (ex dinitrophenol)
High [ATP] or low [ADP] & [AMP] ____ rate of glycolysis,
pyruvate oxidation, acetate oxidation via CAC & OP
Lowers
The interlinking of glycolysis & CAC by citrate (which inhibits
glycolysis) supplements the ______ system
adenine nucleotide
↑levels of NADH & acetyl-CoA also _____ oxidation of
pyruvate to acetyl CoA, and a high [NADH]/[NAD
+
] ration
____ dehydrogenase reactions of CAC
both inhibit
