Introduction to Metabolism

Question 1

Give an example of a hormone that is synthesized and secreted by the same tissue that senses the conditions appropriate for that hormone to be released.

Answer 1

Insulin

Question 2

The two hormones that together largely control the concentration of glucose in the blood are __________ and ___________.

Answer 2

Insulin and glucagon

Question 3

When ATP or GRP are cyclized to form cAMP or cGMP, they take part in ____________.

Answer 3

Regulation

Question 4

Ammonia is very toxic and affects the brain causing confusion, coma, and death. What metabolic pathway does the liver utilize to dispose of the nitrogen of the amino group of amino acids by incorporating the nitrogen into a non-amonia form of excretion?

Answer 4

Urea Cycle

Question 5

What is NOT directly required for the synthesis of nucleotides? What IS required?

Answer 5

NOT required - fatty acid

IS required - amino acids and carbohydrates

Question 6

What are the two hormones that largely control blood glucose?

Answer 6

Insulin and glucagon

Question 7

Which hormone is secreted in response to high blood glucose, and brings blood glucose down?

Answer 7

Insulin

Question 8

Which hormone is secreted in response to low blood glucose and then increases blood glucose?

Answer 8

Glucagon

Question 9

Give an example of a hormone that is released from one tissue and the hormone stimulates a release from another tissue. Name the stimulus

Answer 9

Stress (stimulus) -> brain -> hypothalamus -> releasing factors -> anterior pituitary -> release of corticotropin -> adrenal cortex -> release of cortisol -> response

Question 10

What is the name that describes the chemical process by which energy is obtained from biological fuels such as the carbon skeletons of carbs, fatty acids, or amino acids (or any fuel)?

Answer 10

cooperation

Question 11

Give three examples of nutrient types animals cannot synthesize themselves that must be obtained from plant or microbial sources.

Answer 11

1. Vitamins
2. Essential amino acids
3. Essential fatty acids

Question 12

Why are all tissues outside of the liver often called extrahepatic tissues with respect to metabolism?

Answer 12

Because the liver is the hub of metabolism or “brain” of the metabolism

Question 13

What organ has priority over all the others for the supply of fuel?

Answer 13

Brain

Question 14

What organ can be said to be the “king of metabolism”? “Brain of metabolism”?

Answer 14

King of metabolism - Brain

Brain of metabolism - Liver