Introduction to Metabolism Flashcards
(21 cards)
What is energy?
the capacity to cause change
What is Metabolism?
ALL of the chemical reactions of an organism
Describe the First Law of Thermodynamics
Energy Can be transferred and transformed and Cannot be created or destroyed
What is Kinetic energy?
The energy of motion.Heat/Thermal Energy
What is Potential energy?
Chemical Energy.Location or Structure
Describe the Second Law of Thermodynamics.
Some energy becomes unavailable
– Extremely inefficient
» Most energy lost as heat
– Increases Entropy
» Measure of disorder
What is entropy?
the measure of a system’s thermal energy per unit temperature that is unavailable for doing useful work
What is chemical energy?
The energy released from a substance, or absorbed in the formation of a chemical compound, during a chemical reaction. polymers from monomers
What is an endergonic reaction?
Positive ΔG.The energy required is required and is Non-spontaneous
What is an exergonic reaction?
Negative ΔG.Energy is released and is Spontaneous
ΔG
Free Energy
Gfinal – Ginitial
________ is the energy currency of the cell
ATP
ATP —> ADP + P + ________
h20
ADP + P + ________ —> ATP
h2o
What are enzymes?
Protein macromolecules that act as catalysts
How can enzymatic reactions be sped up?
More substrate = faster enzymatic rate
How do enzymes speed up reactions?
– Protein macromolecules
that act as catalysts
* Speed up naturally
occurring reactions
sucrose + sucrase glucose + fructose
Which of the above is the enzyme?
Sucrase -> enzyme
sucrose + sucrase glucose + fructose
Which of the above is the substrate?
Sucrose -> substrate
What is the active site of an enzyme, what binds there?
the region that binds the substrates(and cofactor if any)
In what two ways can enzyme inhibitors prevent metabolic reactions?
Competitive Inhibition and Noncompetitive Inhibition
