Introduction to medicine Flashcards
Demonstrate the relevance of taking a medical history in dental patients. Demonstrate how to take a medical history. Understand the implications of common medical conditions when undertaking dentistry. Introduction to emergency medicine topics
Relevance of Hx and Ex to dental practice
First line screening
Dental signs of systemic disease
Impact of disease on dental treatment
Impact of dental treatment/ therapy on ill pxs
History taking
Dental presentation? New/ old px? Risk assesment General/ focused Hx Treatment plan Referral
Medical history
Presenting complaint Current medical Hx Past medical Hx Family Hx Social Hx Drug Hx etc.
Examination
Dental practitioners undertake CLOTHED examination
What can be observed?
Common diseases
Chronic -chest -heart disease -diabetes -liver -other - thyroid Acute -asthma episode -angina attack/ MI -hypoglycaemic episode -infection risk
Chest disease signs
‘Blue bloater’ - appearance of px with COPD with Sx of chronic bronchitis
->PaCO2, peripheral oedema
-cyanosis
hyperinflation of chest and associated kyphosis typical
-pursed lip appearance
pMDI
pMDI
Pressurised metered-dose inhaler
All commonly used inhaled therapy for asthma available in this form
New propellant gases (HFAs) have replaced CFC gases for environmental reasons
Chest disease symptoms
Sputum (cough up saliva and mucus) Wheezing Cyanosis (blue/ purple discolouration of skin) Dyspnoea (difficulty breathing) Haemoptysis (coughing up blood) Chest pain Cough
Wheezing - differential diagnosis
Asthma Bronchitis Vocal cord dysfunction Foreign body aspiration Infections Congestive heart failure COPD Forced expiration in normal subjects Cystic fibrosis
Chest pain - differential diganosis
Pleuritic - sharp stabbing on inspiration Chest wall - costochondritis Pulmonary - pneumothorax Cardiac - myocardial infarction Great vessels - dissection Oesophageal - reflux Gall bladder - cholecystitis
Risk factors - heart disease
Smoking Heavy drinking Inactivity Overweight/ obesity Diabetes
Diabetes type 1 - what to ask/ look for
Infections (skin, gums or urinary tract) Weakness Drowsiness, fatigue Tingling in hands and feet Swelling of hands and feet Itchy skin Thrush
Diabetes type 2 - what to ask/ look for
Excessive thirst Frequent urination Weakness Drowsiness, fatigue Sudden weight loss Sudden change in vision Blurred vision Nausea and vomiting
Common oral health problems in diabetes
Tooth decay Periodontal disease Salivary gland dysfunction Inflammatory skin disease (lichen planus) Infection and delayed healing Taste impairment
