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HLTH 125: Survey of Medical Terminology > Introduction to Medical Terminology > Flashcards

Introduction to Medical Terminology Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

P

A

prefix

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2
Q

R

A

root

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3
Q

CF

A

combining form

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4
Q

S

A

suffix

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5
Q

Prefix (P)

A
  • to fix before; to fix to the beginning
  • can be a syllable or group of syllables, united with or placed at the beginning of words to alter or modify their meanings or to create entirely new words
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6
Q

Word Root (R)

A
  • a word or word element from which other words are formed
  • it is the foundation of the word
  • conveys the central meaning of the word and forms the base to which prefixes and suffixes are attached for word modification
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7
Q

Combining Form (CF)

A
  • a word root to which a vowel has been added
  • links the root to the suffix of the word root to another root
  • does not have a meaning of its own
  • the vowel “o” is used more often than any other to make combining forms
  • can be found at the beginning of a word or within the word
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8
Q

Suffix (S)

A
  • to fasten on, beneath, or under
  • can be a syllable or group of syllables united with or placed at the end of a word to alter or modify the meaning of the word or to create a new word
  • when you break down a word to understand it or when you give the meaning of the word or read its definition, you usually begin with the meaning of the suffix
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9
Q

gnathic

A

relating to the jaws

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10
Q

phlegm

A

thick viscous substance secreted by the mucous membranes of the respiratory passages, especially when produced in excessive or abnormal quantities

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11
Q

abduct

A

to lead away from the middle

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12
Q

adduct

A

to lead toward the middle

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13
Q

arteritis

A

inflammation of an artery

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14
Q

arthritis

A

inflammation of a joint

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15
Q

ante-

A

before, forward

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16
Q

anti-

A

against

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17
Q

ecto-

A

out, outside, outer

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18
Q

endo-

A

within, inner

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19
Q

hyper-

A

above, beyond, excessive

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20
Q

hypo-

A

below, under, deficient

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21
Q

inter-

A

between

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22
Q

intra-

A

within

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23
Q

para-

A

beside, alongside, abnormal

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24
Q

per-

A

through

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25
Q

peri-

A

around

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26
Q

pre-

A

before, in front of

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27
Q

pro-

A

before

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28
Q

super-

A

above, beyond

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29
Q

supra-

A

above, beyond

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30
Q

-poiesis

A

formation

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31
Q

-ptosis

A

prolapse, drooping, sagging, falling down

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32
Q

-ptysis

A

spitting

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33
Q

-rrhage

A

to burst forth, bursting forth

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34
Q

-rrhagia

A

to burst forth, bursting forth

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35
Q

-rrhaphy

A

suture

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36
Q

-rrhea

A

flow, discharge

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37
Q

-rrhexis

A

rupture

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38
Q

-scope

A

instrument for exaggeration

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39
Q

-scopy

A

visual examination, to view, examine

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40
Q

-tome

A

instrument to cut

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41
Q

-tomy

A

incision

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42
Q

-tripsy

A

crushing

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43
Q

-trophy

A

nourishment, development

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44
Q

(sing.) bursa

A

(pl.) bursae

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45
Q

(sing.) throax

A

(pl.) throaces; thoraxes

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46
Q

(sing.) foramen

A

(pl.) foramina

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47
Q

(sing.) crisis

A

(pl.) crises

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48
Q

(sing.) iris

A

(pl.) irides

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49
Q

(sing.) femoris

A

(pl.) femora

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50
Q

(sing.) appendix

A

(pl.) appendices

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51
Q

(sing.) phalanx

A

(pl.) appendices

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52
Q

(sing.) spermatozoon

A

(pl.) spermatozoa

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53
Q

(sing.) ovum

A

(pl.) ova

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54
Q

(sing.) nucleus

A

(pl.) nuclei

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55
Q

(sing.) artery

A

(pl.) arteries

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56
Q

single accent marks

A

used to indicate stress on certain syllables; a single accent mark is called a primary accent and is used with the syllable that has the strongest stress (primary syllable).

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57
Q

double accent marks

A

used to indicate syllables that are stressed less than primary syllables; a double accent mark is called a secondary accent.

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58
Q

macron (ō)

A

indicates the long sound of the vowel

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59
Q

breve (ă)

A

indicates the short sound of the vowel

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60
Q

schwa (ə)

A

indicates the central vowel sound of most unstressed syllables

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61
Q

abate

A

To lessen, ease, decrease, or cease. Used to note the lessening of pain or the decrease in severity of symptoms.

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62
Q

abnormal

A

ab- “away from”
norm “rule”
-al “pertaining to”

Pertaining to away from the norm or rule. A condition that is considered to be not normal.

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63
Q

abscess

A

Localized collection of pus, which ma occur in any part of the body

64
Q

acute

A

Sudden, sharp, severe; used to describe a disease that has a sudden onset, severe symptoms, and a short course.

65
Q

adhesion

A

adhes- “stuck to”
-ion “process”

A process of being stuck together. An abdominal adhesion usually involves the intestines and is caused by inflammation or trauma. This type of adhesion may cause an intestinal obstruction and require surgery.

66
Q

afferent

A

Carrying impulses toward a center.

67
Q

ambulatory

A

Condition of being able to walk, not confined to bed.

68
Q

antidote

A

Substance given to counteract poisons and their effects.

69
Q

antipyretic

A

anti- “against”
pyret “fever”
-ic “pertaining to”

Pertaining to an agent that is used to lower an elevated body temperature (fever)

70
Q

antiseptic

A

anti- “against”
sept “putrefaction”
-ic “pertaining to”

Pertaining to an agent that works against sepsis (putrefaction); in a technique or product used to prevent or limit infections.

71
Q

antitussive

A

anti- “against”
tuss “cough”
-ive “nature of, quality of”

Pertaining to an agent that works against coughing.

72
Q

apathy

A

Condition in which one lacks feelings and emotions and is indifferent.

73
Q

asepsis

A

a- “without”
-sepsis “decay”

Without decay; sterile, free from all living microorganisms.

74
Q

axillary (ax)

A

axill “armpit”
-ary “pertaining to”

Pertaining to the armpit.

75
Q

biopsy (Bx)

A

bi(o) “life”
-opsy “to view”

Surgical removal of a small piece of tissue for microscopic examination; used to determine a diagnosis of cancer or other disease processes in the body.

76
Q

cachexia

A

cac- “bad”
-hexia “condition”

Condition of ill health, malnutrition, and wasting. It may occur in chronic diseases such as cancer and pulmonary tuberculosis.

77
Q

centigrade (C)

A

centi- “one hundred, one hundredth”
-grade “a step”

Having 100 steps or degrees; unit of temperature measurement (Celsius scale) with a boiling point at 100° and a freezing point at 0°. Each degree of temperature change is 0.01 (1/100) of the scale.

78
Q

centimeter (cm)

A

centi- “one hundred, one hundredth”
-meter “measure”

Unit of measurement in the metric system; one hundredth of a meter.

79
Q

chemotherapy

A

chem/o “chemical”
-therapy “treatment”

The use of chemical agents in the treatment of disease, specifically drugs used in cancer therapy.

80
Q

chronic

A

pertaining to time; denotes a disease with little change or of slow progression; the opposite of acute

81
Q

diagnosis (Dx)

A

dia- “through”
-gnosis “knowledge”

The process of identifying a disease or disorder, which is generally determined through the use of scientific and skillful methods of knowledge. Several types of information are used for diagnosis, including signs and symptoms.

82
Q

diaphoresis

A

dia- “through”
-phoresis “to carry”

To carry through sweat glands; profuse sweating.

83
Q

disease

A

Literally means lack of ease; a pathological condition of the body that presents with a series of symptoms, signs, and laboratory findings peculiar to it and sets it apart from normal or other abnormal body states; a disruption of normal functioning of the body by a process that can be congenital or infectious or the failure of normal activity to maintain and sustain health.

84
Q

disinfectant

A

dis- “apart”
infect “to infect”
-ant “forming”

Chemical substance that can be applied to objects to destroy pathological microorganisms, such as bacteria.

85
Q

efferent

A

Carrying impulses away from a center.

86
Q

empathy

A

The ability to sense emotionally and intellectually the feelings of another person.

87
Q

epidemic

A

epi- “upon”
dem “people”
-ic “pertaining to”

Pertaining to upon the people; the rapid, widespread occurrence of an infectious disease that can be spread by any pathological organism transmitted by and to humans, birds, insects, etc.

88
Q

etiology

A

eti/o “cause”
-logy “study of”

Study of the causes of disease.

89
Q

excision

A

ex- “out”
cis “to cut”
-ion “process”

Process of cutting out; surgical removal.

90
Q

febrile

A

Pertaining to a fever.

91
Q

gram (g)

A

Unit of weight in the metric system; a cubic centimeter (cc) or a milliliter of water is equal to the weight of a gram.

92
Q

heterogeneous

A

hetero- “different”
gene “formation, produce”
-ous “pertaining to”

Literally means pertaining to a different formation; composed of unlike substances; the opposite of homogeneous.

93
Q

illness

A

State of being sick.

94
Q

incision

A

in- “in, into”
cis “to cut”
-ion “process”

Process of cutting into.

95
Q

kilogram (kg)

A

kil/o “a thousand”
-gram “a weight”

Unit of weight in the metric system; 1000 g; a kilogram is equal to 2.2 lb.

96
Q

liter (L)

A

Unit of volume in the metric system; 1000 mL; a liter is equal to 33.8 fl oz or 1.0567 qt.

97
Q

macroscopic

A

macr/o “large”
scop “to examine”
-ic “pertaining to”

Pertaining to objects large enough to be examined by the naked eye.

98
Q

malaise

A

A general feeling of discomfort, uneasiness; often felt by a patient with a chronic disease.

99
Q

malformation

A

mal- “bad”
format “a shaping”
-ion “process”

Literally means a process of being badly shaped, deformed; a structural defect that fails to from normal shape and therefore can affect the function.

100
Q

malignant

A

malign “bad kind”
-ant “forming”

Literally means formation of a bad kind; growing worse, harmful, cancerous.

101
Q

maximal

A

maxim “greatest”
-al “pertaining to”

Pertaining to the greatest possible quantity, number, or degree.

102
Q

microgram (mcg)

A

micro- “small”
-gram “a weight”

Unit of weight in the metric system; one-millionth of a gram or one-thousandth of a milligram (0.001 mg).

103
Q

microorganism

A

micro- “small”
organ “organ”
-ism “condition”

Small living organisms that are not visible to the naked eye.

104
Q

microscope

A

micro- “small”
-scope “instrument for examining”

Scientific instrument designed to view small objects.

105
Q

milligram (mg)

A

milli- “one-thousandth”
-gram “a weight”

Unit of weight in the metric system; 0.001 g.

106
Q

milliliter (mL)

A

milli- “one-thousandth”
-liter “liter”

Unit of volume in the metric system; 0.001 L.

107
Q

minimal

A

minim “least”
-al “pertaining to”

Pertaining to the least possible quantity, number, or degree.

108
Q

morbidity

A

morbid “sick”
-ity “condition”

State of being diseased; ill, sick; refers to the disease rate or number of cases of a particular disease in a given age range, gender, occupation, or other relevant population-based grouping.

109
Q

mortality

A

mortal “human being”
-ity “condition”

Being human, subject to death; refers to the death rate reflected by the population in a given region, age range, or other relevant statistical grouping.

110
Q

multiform

A

multi- “many, much”
-form “shape”

Occurring in or having many shapes; An object that has more than one defined shape.

111
Q

necrosis

A

necr “death”
-osis “condition”

Abnormal condition of tissue death.

112
Q

oncology

A

onc/o “tumor”
-logy “study of”

Literally means the study of tumors; the study of the etiology, the characteristics, treatments, etc., of cancer.

113
Q

pallor

A

Paleness, a lack of color.

114
Q

palmar

A

palm “palm”
-ar “relating to”

Pertaining to the palm of the hand.

115
Q

paracentesis

A

para- “beside”
-centesis “surgical puncture”

Surgical puncture of a body cavity for fluid removal.

116
Q

prognosis

A

pro- “before”
-gnosis “knowledge”

Literally means a state of foreknowledge; prediction of the course of a disease and the recovery rate of the affected person.

117
Q

prophylactic

A

prophylact “guarding”
-ic “pertaining to”

Pertaining to preventing or protecting against disease or pregnancy.

118
Q

pyrogenic

A

pyr/o “heat, fire”
-genic “formation, produce”

Pertaining to the production of heat; a fever.

119
Q

radiology

A

radi/o “ray, x-ray”
-logy “study of”

Study of x-rays and other imaging modalities that use x-rays.

120
Q

rapport

A

Relationship of understanding between two individuals especially between the patient and physician.

121
Q

sequela

A

Abnormal condition that follows and is the result of a disease, treatment, or injury, such as deafness after treatment with an ototoxic drug.

122
Q

syndrome

A

syn- “together, with”
-drome “that which runs together”

A group of signs and symptoms occurring together that characterize a specific disease or pathological condition.

123
Q

thermometer

A

therm/o “hot, heat”
-meter “instrument to measure”

An instrument used to measure degree of heat, especially the temperature of a person.

124
Q

triage

A

A system of prioritizing and classifying patient injuries to determine priority of need and treatment.

125
Q

SOAP

A

Subjective, Objective, Assessment, Plan

126
Q

ax

A

axillary

127
Q

BP

A

blood pressure

128
Q

Bx

A

biopsy

129
Q

C

A

centigrade, celcius

130
Q

CC

A

chief complaint

131
Q

cm

A

centimeter

132
Q

Derm

A

dermatology

133
Q

DOB

A

date of birth

134
Q

Dx

A

diagnosis

135
Q

ENT

A

ear, nose, throat (larynx); otorhinolaryngology

136
Q

g

A

gram

137
Q

GYN

A

gynecology

138
Q

HIPAA

A

Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act

139
Q

Ht

A

Height

140
Q

ICD

A

International Classification of Diseases

141
Q

kg

A

kilogram

142
Q

L

A

liter

143
Q

mcg

A

microgram

144
Q

mg

A

milligram

145
Q

mL

A

milliliter

146
Q

Neuro

A

neurology

147
Q

OB

A

obstetrics

148
Q

OP

A

outpatient

149
Q

Orth

A

orthopedics

150
Q

P

A

pulse

151
Q

Path

A

pathology

152
Q

PE

A

physical examination

153
Q

Psych

A

psychiatry; psychology

154
Q

R

A

respiration

155
Q

T

A

temperature

156
Q

TPR

A

temperature, pulse, respiration

157
Q

Wt

A

weight

HLTH 125: Survey of Medical Terminology (21 decks)

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