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Principles of Medical Laboratory Science > Introduction to Medical Technology > Flashcards

Introduction to Medical Technology Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

aka clinical laboratory science or

laboratory medicine

A

Medical Technology

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2
Q

Application of diagnostic, preventive and
therapeutic medicine to monitor and improve
the management of health conditions

A

Medical Technology

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3
Q

Medical technology is the branch of medicine
concerned with the performance of
laboratory determinations and analyses used
in the diagnosis and treatment of disease
and the maintenance of health.

A

Anne Fagelson

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4
Q

Medical technology is the health profession
concerned with performing laboratory
analyses in view of obtaining information
necessary in the diagnosis and treatment of
diseases as well as in the maintenance of
good health.

A

Walters

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5
Q

• Medical technology is the application of the
principles of natural, physical and biological
sciences in laboratory procedures to aid in
the diagnosis and treatment of diseases.

A

Ruth Heinemann

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6
Q

RA 5527

A

Philippine Medical Technology Act of 1969

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7
Q

Philippine Medical Technology Act of 1969 exact date

A

June 21, 1969

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8
Q

Medical technology is an auxiliary branch of medicine which deals with examinations using various chemical, microscopic, bacteriologic and other medical laboratory procedures or techniques that will aid the physician in the diagnosis, study and treatment of disease and in the promotion of health in general.

A

RA 5527

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9
Q

Topics under Medical Technology

A
  1. Hematology
  2. Clinical Chemistry
  3. Medical Microbiology
  4. Clinical Microscopy
  5. immunology
  6. Serology
  7. General Pathology
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10
Q

Oldest preserved Egyptian compilation of medical

texts

A

Ebers Papyrus (1500 BC)

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11
Q

who traced the beginning of medical
technology when intestinal parasite such as
Taenia and Ascaris were first identified (1500
B.C.).

A

Vivian Herrick

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12
Q

Four humors

A

-blood
o phlegm
o yellow bile
o black bile

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13
Q

• Four Humors: dark clot at the bottom

A

black bile

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14
Q

Four Humors: above the clot is a layer of RBC

A

Blood

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15
Q

Above is a whitish layer of WBC

A

Phlegm

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16
Q

whitish layer is now called..?

A

buffy coat

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17
Q

top layer is clear yellow serum

A

Yellow Bile

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18
Q

• All diseases were due to the disorder of these
four humors or body fluids
• During this times, urine was regarded as
composite of these humors

A

Central Hippocratic doctrine of humoral pathology

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19
Q

oldest lab procedure

A

Urinalysis

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20
Q

medical examination of urine

A

Uroscopy

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21
Q

symbol of medieval medicine

A

Urine flask

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22
Q

Poured urine on ground when it attracts ants

= patient diagnosed with diabetes

A

Greeks

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23
Q

Made the ‟scientific observation” that the
urine of certain individuals attracted to ants –
such urine have a sweetish taste.
• Polyuria (600 B.C.)

A

Hindu Doctors

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24
Q

Practiced immunization by inhaling powder
made from smallpox scabs to develop
immunity to the disease

A

Chinese

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25
Q

• Developed lab tools: forceps, scalpels,

specula, and surgical needles

A

Romans

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26
Q

Practiced toxicology (agada tantra)

A

Indians

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27
Q
  • Made the first description of hematuria

* Due to inability of the kidneys to filter blood

A

Rufus of Ephesus (50 AD)

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28
Q

• Jewish physician and philosopher
• Kitab al Baul
• Formulated rules for the use of urine in
patients’ diagnosis

A

Isaac Judeus

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29
Q

• One of the founders of the origins of

nephrology

A

Isaac Judeus

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30
Q

• Failure of physicians to examine patient’s

urine was punishable by public beatings

A

Jerusalem Code of 1090

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31
Q

• invented microscope (1590s)

A

Zaccharias Janssen and his father Hans

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32
Q

Believed that MT began from this period as
supported by the fact that urinalysis was a
fad.

A

Ruth Williams

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33
Q

Believed that MT started when a prominent
Italian doctor at the University of Bologna
employed Alessandra Giliani to perform
different task in the lab.

A

Anne Fagelson(14th Century)

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34
Q

she died due to lab acquired infection

A

• ALESSANDRA GILLANI

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35
Q

what century is the discovery of the different dyes such as the
aniline dyes used in staining microorganisms.

A

15th Century

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36
Q

Saw bacteria and classified them according to
shapes
• Described blood cells, muscle fibers,
spermatozoa and protozoa

A

Anton van Leeuwenhoek (1632)

37
Q

Father of Microbiology

A

Anton van Leeuwenhoek (1632)

38
Q

• Greatest of the early microscopists
• Blood of patients with plagues contained
“worms”

A

Athanasius Kircher (1646)

39
Q

• Italian microscopist
• His contributions to embryology and anatomy
made him known as the “Founding father of
modern Anatomic Pathology”

A

Marcello Malpighi (1628-1694)

40
Q

• Introduced the gravimetric analysis of urine
by weighing a number of 24-hr urine
specimens

A

Jean Baptiste van Helmont (1577-1644)

41
Q

Investigated and showed that blood
transfusion from one animal to another is
possible

A

Richard Lower (1631-1691)

42
Q

• first to differentiate arterial from venous

blood

A

Richard Lower (1631-1691)

43
Q

Observed that proteins in the urine
precipitated when boiled with acetic acid
• Useful diagnostic indicator of proteinuria

A

Frederick Dekkers (1694)

44
Q

Discovered that plasma could be separated

from blood cells when blood clots

A

William Hewson (1739–1774)

45
Q

o could be precipitated from the plasma
upon application of temperature
higher than 50°C
o fibrinogen

A

Coagulable lymph

46
Q

• A medical Doctor
• Identified sugar in the blood and urine of
diabetes

A

Matthew Dobson (1775)

47
Q

• A medical doctor
• Developed the yeast test for sugar in diabetic
urine

A

Francis Home (1780)

48
Q

• Era of Public Health
o Water treatment
o Pasteurization of milk
o Improvement of hygiene

A

19th Century

49
Q

recognized as the father of microscopic
pathology
• Founder of Archives (collection of records) of
Pathology in Berlin

A

Rudolf Virchow (1847)

50
Q

Performed the first quantitative test for urine

A

Herman von Fehling (1848)

51
Q

• studied cholera outbreak in London and
brought the situation under control
• Due to contaminated water in the Broad
Street pump

A

Louis Pasteur (1861)

52
Q

provided experimental steps (Koch’s
postulates) used to prove that a specific
microbe causes a specific disease.

A

Robert Koch (1843 – 1910)

53
Q 
when were laboratory tests for the ff were introduced?
o Tb, cholera, typhoid and diphtheria
• Guys Hospital
o first hospital laboratory in Britain
• University of Michigan Hospital
o first clinical laboratory set up in US
A

Mid- 1800s

54
Q

emergence of Clinical Laboratories in the US

started

A

late 19th century

55
Q

established a laboratory at Bellevue Hospital
Medical College (1878)
• He gave the first lab course in pathology ever
offered in an American Medical School
• Became the 1st professor of Pathology at John
Hopkins University (1885)

A

Dr. William H. Welch

56
Q

opened the 1st clin.lab. in 1896 at the John
Hopkins Hospital
• in this lab., “routine exams” was performed &
special test for blood malarial parasites
identification.

A

Dr. William Osler

57
Q

• Clin Lab also opened at the….

A

University of

Pennsylvania (William Pepper Laboratory)

58
Q

Wrote “Clinical Diagnosis: A Manual of

Laboratory Methods”

A

Dr. James C. Todd

59
Q

published The Demand for and

Training of Laboratory Technicians

A

John Kolmer

60
Q

who required all hospital to have adequate lab
and employ a full time laboratory
technician?

A

State Legislature of Pennsylvania (1918)

61
Q

• Impt factor in the growth of clin lab
• Created a great demand for clinical laboratory
technicians
• Assistants were taught to do some tests by
the practicing physicians

A

World War I

62
Q

What year?
• administrative units of clinical laboratories in
large hospitals were directed by a chief
physician

A

1920

63
Q 
what year?
ASCP was founded.
• encourage cooperation between physicians
and clinical pathologists
• established code of ethics for technicians and
technologists
o these people should work under the
supervision of the physician
o refrain from making oral or written
diagnosis
o advising physicians on how patients
should be treated
A

1922

64
Q 
• formerly ASMT (American Society of Medical
Technology), a subgroup of ASCP
• recognition of nonphysician clinical
laboratory scientists as autonomous
professionals
A

American Society for Clinical Laboratory Science

65
Q 
what year?
• University of Minnesota, issued a course
bulletin entitled “Courses in Medical
Technology for Clinical and Laboratory
Technicians”
• 1st to offer a degree level program
A

1923

66
Q

The American Board of Pathology was

established on what year

A

1936

67
Q

what yr did medtech in US sought professional
recognition from the government of their
educational qualifications through licensure
laws

A

1950

68
Q 
use of blood for transfusion = closed
system blood collection
• instrumentation was advanced
• automation in the laboratory
• Quality control programs
A

World War II

69
Q

What event marked a great effect on Laboratory

Medicine?

A

WWII

70
Q

established by Spanish authorities
• for lab exam of food, water and clinical
samples
• not adequately used in the study of outbreaks

A

Laboratorio Municipal de Manila (1887)

71
Q

who was employed as chemical
expert and pioneered water testing, forensics
and environmental studies?

A

General Antonio Luna

72
Q

Philippine Commission Act No. 156
-had a science library, chemical section and
serum lab for production of vaccines

A

Bureau of Government Laboratories (1901)

73
Q

bureau’s first director

A

Paul Freer

74
Q

what year?
• US bases were built in Leyte
• US brought members of health care team to
the Philippines to resolve health problems of
soldiers and Filipinos

A

World War II

1944

75
Q

Who established the 26th Medical Laboratory of
the 6th US Army and introduced medical
technology in the Philippines?

A

6th Infantry Division of US Army

76
Q

First clinical laboratory in the Philippines is located at..?

A

208 Quiricada Street, Sta.

Cruz Manila

77
Q

what yr ?
highschool graduates were provided with one
year training to work as laboratory
technicians

A

February 1944

78
Q

• staff of 6th US Army left the facility
• Clinical laboratory was endorsed to the
National Department of Health

A

June 1945

79
Q

• Filipino doctor and a dislocated staff of the 26
Medical Laboratory
• preserved the remains of the laboratory with
the help of Dr. Mariano Icasiano
• first City Health Officer of Manila
• Manila Public Health Laboratory

A

Dr. Pio de Roda

80
Q

what year?
• A training program for individual aspiring to
become lab workers was offered by Dr. Pio de
Roda, in collaboration with Dr. Prudencia Sta.
Ana.
• Trainees were mostly high school graduates
and paramedical graduates.
• Dr. Pio de Roda instructed Dr. Prudencia Sta.
Ana to prepare a formal syllabus of the
training program.

A

1947

81
Q

what year?
• The training began using a syllabus and it was
to last for 6 months.
• After a short while Dr. Briones joined the two.
• The training program did not last long.

A

1954

82
Q

• Founder Of Medical Technology Education in
the Philippines
• An American medical practitioner and a
missionary of the 7th Day Adventist Church in
the
• established the first Medical Technology
School in the Philippines together with Dr.
Reuben Manalaysay and Rev. Warren
• with the help of Mrs. Antoinette McKelvey:
prepared the course curriculum and
established the first complete laboratory in
microbiology, parasitology, and
histopathology at Manila Sanitarium Hospital

A

Dr. Willa Hilgert Hedrick

83
Q

First to offer a 4-year BSMT through its sister

establishment, Manila Sanitarium Hospital

A

Philippine Union College

84
Q

first student to graduate (1956)

A

Mr. Jesse Umali

85
Q

• 1957-1958
• offered an elective course in pharmacy
leading to a bachelor of science in medical
technology
• Dr. Antonio Gabriel and Dr. Gustavo Reyes of
the Faculty of Pharmacy
• Rev. Lorenzo Rodriguez decided to offer it as
a course

A

UST

86
Q

exact date of the full recognition of the 4-year

BSMT course in UST?

A

June 14, 1961

87
Q

• undertook feasibility study for the offering of
BSMT course.
• The first batch graduated in 1962

A

Mrs. Purificacion Sunico-Suaco

88
Q
  • offered a similar course:
  • BS in Public Health
  • Postgraduate courses:
  • MSMT (UST, PWU)
  • Non thesis MPH -1 year (UP)
A

University of the Philippines

Principles of Medical Laboratory Science (1 decks)

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