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PARASITOLOGY > INTRODUCTION TO MEDICAL PARASITOLOGY > Flashcards

INTRODUCTION TO MEDICAL PARASITOLOGY Flashcards

0
Q

_______________ is a branch of medicine which deals with tropical diseases and other special medical problems of tropical regions.

A

Tropical Medicine

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1
Q

This branch of parasitology is concerned primarily with the animal parasites of humans and their medical significance, as well as their importance in human communities.

A

Medical Parasitology

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2
Q

__________ is the living together of unlike organisms.

A

Symbiosis

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3
Q

A symbiotic relationship in which two species live together and one species benefits from the relationship without harming or benefiting the other.

A

Commensalism

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4
Q

A symbiosis in which two organisms mutually benefit from each other like termites and the flagellates in their digestive system.

A

Mutualism

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5
Q

A symbiotic relationship where one organism, the parasite, lives in or on another, depending on the latter for its survival and usually at the expense of the host.

A

Parasitism

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6
Q

TRUE or FALSE: The presence of an endoparasite is called an infestation.

A

FALSE.

The presence of an endoparasite is called an INFECTION. While the presence of an ectoparasite is called an INFESTATION.

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7
Q

A parasite is considered ________ when it is found in an organ which is not its usual habitat.

A

Erratic

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8
Q

Most parasites are ___________ in that they need a host at some stage of their cycle to complete their development and to propagate their species.

A. Obligate parasites
B. Facultative parasites

A

A. Obligate parasites

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9
Q

TRUE or FALSE: A facultative parasite may exist in a free-living state or may become parasitic when the need arises.

A

TRUE

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10
Q

A parasite which establishes itself in a host where it does not ordinarily live.

A. Facultative parasite
B. Obligate parasite
C. Permanent parasite
D. Accidental parasite

A

D. Accidental parasite

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11
Q

A free-living organism that passes through the digestive tract without infecting the host.

A. Facultative parasite
B. Obligate parasite
C. Spurious parasite
D. Accidental parasite

A

C. Spurious parasite

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12
Q

The ________ host is on which the parasite attains sexual maturity.

A

Definitive or Final

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13
Q

The intermediate host harbors which stage of the parasite?

A

Asexual or larval

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14
Q

This type of host is one in which does not develop further to later stages.

A. Reservoir host
B. Final host
C. Paratenic host
D. Intermediate host

A

C. Paratenic host

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15
Q

They allow the parasite’s life cycle to continue and become additional sources of human infection.

A. Reservoir host
B. Final host
C. Paratenic host
D. Intermediate host

A

A. Reservoir host

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16
Q

___________ are responsible for transmitting the parasite from one host to another.

A

Vectors

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17
Q

A ________ vector transmits the parasite only after the latter has completed its development within the host.

A

Biologic

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18
Q

TRUE or FALSE: A mechanical or phoretic vector only transports the parasite.

A

TRUE

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19
Q

A _________ harbors a particular pathogen without manifesting any signs and symptoms.

A

Carrier

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20
Q

This describes the period between infection and evidence of symptoms.

A

Incubation period

21
Q

The period between infection or acquisition of the parasite and evidence of demonstration of infection.

A

Pre-patent period or biologic incubation period

22
Q

The following are correctly paired EXCEPT:

A. Cercariae of Schistosoma : Schistosomaiasis
B. Triatoma bugs : Trypanosoma cruzi
C. Bullastra snails : Echinostoma malayanum
D. Toxoplasma : Chagas’ disease

A

D. Toxoplasma : Chagas’ disease

Chagas’ disease is caused by Trypanosoma cruzi.

23
Q

TRUE or FALSE: Toxoplasma gondii trophozoites can cross the placental barrier during pregnancy.

A

TRUE

24
Q

The following infective larval stages of these organisms are food-borne EXCEPT:

A. Taenia solium
B. Diphyllobothrium latum
C. Taenia saginata
D. Entamoeba histolytica

A

D. Entamoeba histolytica

25
Q

___________ is defined as a permanent reduction to zero of the worldwide incidence of infection caused by a specific agent, as a result of deliberate efforts. Once this is achieved, continued measures are no longer needed.

A

Eradication

26
Q

______________ is a reduction to zero of the incidence of a specified disease in a defined geographic area as a result of deliberate efforts. Continued intervention or surveillance measures are still required.

A

Elimination

27
Q

The following are characteristics of nematodes EXCEPT:

A. Elongated and cylindrical in shape
B. Bilaterally symmetrical
C. Dioecious
D. Have an incomplete digestive tract

A

D. Have an incomplete digestive tract

28
Q

The following are considered asphamid worms EXCEPT:

A. Trichinella
B. Trichuris
C. Secernentia
D. Capillaria

A

C. Secernentia

29
Q

The following are correctly paired EXCEPT:

A. Ascaris : Ascaridida
B. Enterobius : Oxyurida
C. Stronglyoides : Rhabditida
D. None of the above

A

D. None of the above

30
Q

The following species of nematodes reside in the small intestines EXCEPT:

A. Trichuris
B. Hookworms
C. Strongyloides
D. Capillaria

A

A. Trichuris

31
Q

The following are paired correctly EXCEPT:

A. Brugia : lymph nodes
B. Angiostrongylus : eyes and meninges
C. Trichinella : colon
D. Wuchereria : lymph vessels

A

C. Trichinella : colon

32
Q

The following statements are correct EXCEPT:

A. Flatworms are generally dorso-ventrally flattened with bilateral symmetry.

B. Cestodes are not provided with a digestive tract while trematodes have an incomplete one.

C. Trematodes have a circulatory system while Nematodes lack one.

D. Adult tapeworms are hermaphroditic.

A

C. Trematodes have a circulatory system while Nematodes lack one

Both Nematodes and Cestodes lack a circulatory system.

33
Q

TRUE or FALSE: Adult tapeworms are found in the intestines of the definitive host and the larval stage is encysted in the tissues of the intermediate host.

A

TRUE

34
Q

The main organ of attachment of the tapeworm to the definitive host.

A

Scolex

35
Q

TRUE or FALSE: Segments or proglottids most distal from the neck are immature.

A

FALSE.

Segments or proglottids most distal from the neck are gravid segments. Those that are near the neck are immature.

36
Q

The following characteristics are true for Pseudophyllidean tapeworms EXCEPT:

A. Presence of uterine pore
B. Operculated eggs
C. Scolex is globular with four muscular suckers
D. Developed embryo is called coracidium

A

C. Scolex is globular with four muscular suckers

37
Q

TRUE or FALSE: Non-operculated Cyclophyllidean eggs are passed out readily containing the hexacanth embryo.

A

TRUE

38
Q

The following are paired correctly EXCEPT:

A. Taenia : cysticerus type
B. Hymenolepis : cysticercoid type
C. Dipylidium : hyatid type
D. None of the above

A

C. Dipylidium : hyatid type

39
Q

Ventral sucker of trematodes are called _________.

A

Acetabulum

40
Q

TRUE or FALSE: Trematodes are hermaphroditic.

A

TRUE

41
Q

Infective stage for the trematodes is the encysted larva, the _____________.

A

Metacercaria

42
Q

The adult Paragonimus is found in which organ parenchyma?

A

Lungs

43
Q

They are found in the mesenteric veins hence are called blood flukes.

A

Adult schistosomes

44
Q

The simplest technique in stool examination.

A

Direct Fecal Smear (DFS)

45
Q

Direct Fecal Smear is used to detect the following EXCEPT:

A. Protozoan cysts
B. Trohozoites
C. Helminth larvae
D. Helminth eggs

A

C. Helminth larvae

46
Q

TRUE or FALSE: Soft, diarrheic and watery stools can be better examined using the Modified Kato Thick Smear.

A

FALSE

47
Q

Solution used to dilute the fecal sample on the slide in DFS.

A

Normal Saline Solution (NSS)

48
Q

DFS uses how many mg of stool sample?

A

2 mg

49
Q

TRUE or FALSE: The Modified Kato Thick Smear is used to detect the presence of helminth eggs in stool samples.

A

TRUE

50
Q

TRUE or FALSE: In Pseudophyllidean worms, eggs encyst as procercoid larvae in intermediate hosts, and turns into plerocercoid larvae in the second intermediate hosts.

A

TRUE

PARASITOLOGY (1 decks)

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