INTRODUCTION TO MEDICAL PARASITOLOGY

Question 0

_______________ is a branch of medicine which deals with tropical diseases and other special medical problems of tropical regions.

Answer 0

Tropical Medicine

Question 1

This branch of parasitology is concerned primarily with the animal parasites of humans and their medical significance, as well as their importance in human communities.

Answer 1

Medical Parasitology

Question 2

__________ is the living together of unlike organisms.

Answer 2

Symbiosis

Question 3

A symbiotic relationship in which two species live together and one species benefits from the relationship without harming or benefiting the other.

Answer 3

Commensalism

Question 4

A symbiosis in which two organisms mutually benefit from each other like termites and the flagellates in their digestive system.

Answer 4

Mutualism

Question 5

A symbiotic relationship where one organism, the parasite, lives in or on another, depending on the latter for its survival and usually at the expense of the host.

Answer 5

Parasitism

Question 6

TRUE or FALSE: The presence of an endoparasite is called an infestation.

Answer 6

FALSE.

The presence of an endoparasite is called an INFECTION. While the presence of an ectoparasite is called an INFESTATION.

Question 7

A parasite is considered ________ when it is found in an organ which is not its usual habitat.

Answer 7

Erratic

Question 8

Most parasites are ___________ in that they need a host at some stage of their cycle to complete their development and to propagate their species.

A. Obligate parasites
B. Facultative parasites

Answer 8

A. Obligate parasites

Question 9

TRUE or FALSE: A facultative parasite may exist in a free-living state or may become parasitic when the need arises.

Answer 9

TRUE

Question 10

A parasite which establishes itself in a host where it does not ordinarily live.

A. Facultative parasite
B. Obligate parasite
C. Permanent parasite
D. Accidental parasite

Answer 10

D. Accidental parasite

Question 11

A free-living organism that passes through the digestive tract without infecting the host.

A. Facultative parasite
B. Obligate parasite
C. Spurious parasite
D. Accidental parasite

Answer 11

C. Spurious parasite

Question 12

The ________ host is on which the parasite attains sexual maturity.

Answer 12

Definitive or Final

Question 13

The intermediate host harbors which stage of the parasite?

Answer 13

Asexual or larval

Question 14

This type of host is one in which does not develop further to later stages.

A. Reservoir host
B. Final host
C. Paratenic host
D. Intermediate host

Answer 14

C. Paratenic host

Question 15

They allow the parasite’s life cycle to continue and become additional sources of human infection.

A. Reservoir host
B. Final host
C. Paratenic host
D. Intermediate host

Answer 15

A. Reservoir host

Question 16

___________ are responsible for transmitting the parasite from one host to another.

Answer 16

Vectors

Question 17

A ________ vector transmits the parasite only after the latter has completed its development within the host.

Answer 17

Biologic

Question 18

TRUE or FALSE: A mechanical or phoretic vector only transports the parasite.

Answer 18

TRUE

Question 19

A _________ harbors a particular pathogen without manifesting any signs and symptoms.

Answer 19

Carrier

Question 20

This describes the period between infection and evidence of symptoms.

Answer 20

Incubation period

Question 21

The period between infection or acquisition of the parasite and evidence of demonstration of infection.

Answer 21

Pre-patent period or biologic incubation period

Question 22

The following are correctly paired EXCEPT:

A. Cercariae of Schistosoma : Schistosomaiasis
B. Triatoma bugs : Trypanosoma cruzi
C. Bullastra snails : Echinostoma malayanum
D. Toxoplasma : Chagas’ disease

Answer 22

D. Toxoplasma : Chagas’ disease

Chagas’ disease is caused by Trypanosoma cruzi.

Question 23

TRUE or FALSE: Toxoplasma gondii trophozoites can cross the placental barrier during pregnancy.

Answer 23

TRUE

Question 24

The following infective larval stages of these organisms are food-borne EXCEPT: A. Taenia solium B. Diphyllobothrium latum C. Taenia saginata D. Entamoeba histolytica

Answer 24

D. Entamoeba histolytica

Question 25

___________ is defined as a permanent reduction to zero of the worldwide incidence of infection caused by a specific agent, as a result of deliberate efforts. Once this is achieved, continued measures are no longer needed.

Answer 25

Eradication

Question 26

______________ is a reduction to zero of the incidence of a specified disease in a defined geographic area as a result of deliberate efforts. Continued intervention or surveillance measures are still required.

Answer 26

Elimination

Question 27

The following are characteristics of nematodes EXCEPT: A. Elongated and cylindrical in shape B. Bilaterally symmetrical C. Dioecious D. Have an incomplete digestive tract

Answer 27

D. Have an incomplete digestive tract

Question 28

The following are considered asphamid worms EXCEPT: A. Trichinella B. Trichuris C. Secernentia D. Capillaria

Answer 28

C. Secernentia

Question 29

The following are correctly paired EXCEPT: A. Ascaris : Ascaridida B. Enterobius : Oxyurida C. Stronglyoides : Rhabditida D. None of the above

Answer 29

D. None of the above

Question 30

The following species of nematodes reside in the small intestines EXCEPT: A. Trichuris B. Hookworms C. Strongyloides D. Capillaria

Answer 30

A. Trichuris

Question 31

The following are paired correctly EXCEPT: A. Brugia : lymph nodes B. Angiostrongylus : eyes and meninges C. Trichinella : colon D. Wuchereria : lymph vessels

Answer 31

C. Trichinella : colon

Question 32

The following statements are correct EXCEPT: A. Flatworms are generally dorso-ventrally flattened with bilateral symmetry. B. Cestodes are not provided with a digestive tract while trematodes have an incomplete one. C. Trematodes have a circulatory system while Nematodes lack one. D. Adult tapeworms are hermaphroditic.

Answer 32

C. Trematodes have a circulatory system while Nematodes lack one Both Nematodes and Cestodes lack a circulatory system.

Question 33

TRUE or FALSE: Adult tapeworms are found in the intestines of the definitive host and the larval stage is encysted in the tissues of the intermediate host.

Answer 33

TRUE

Question 34

The main organ of attachment of the tapeworm to the definitive host.

Answer 34

Scolex

Question 35

TRUE or FALSE: Segments or proglottids most distal from the neck are immature.

Answer 35

FALSE. Segments or proglottids most distal from the neck are gravid segments. Those that are near the neck are immature.

Question 36

The following characteristics are true for Pseudophyllidean tapeworms EXCEPT: A. Presence of uterine pore B. Operculated eggs C. Scolex is globular with four muscular suckers D. Developed embryo is called coracidium

Answer 36

C. Scolex is globular with four muscular suckers

Question 37

TRUE or FALSE: Non-operculated Cyclophyllidean eggs are passed out readily containing the hexacanth embryo.

Answer 37

TRUE

Question 38

The following are paired correctly EXCEPT: A. Taenia : cysticerus type B. Hymenolepis : cysticercoid type C. Dipylidium : hyatid type D. None of the above

Answer 38

C. Dipylidium : hyatid type

Question 39

Ventral sucker of trematodes are called _________.

Answer 39

Acetabulum

Question 40

TRUE or FALSE: Trematodes are hermaphroditic.

Answer 40

TRUE

Question 41

Infective stage for the trematodes is the encysted larva, the _____________.

Answer 41

Metacercaria

Question 42

The adult Paragonimus is found in which organ parenchyma?

Answer 42

Lungs

Question 43

They are found in the mesenteric veins hence are called blood flukes.

Answer 43

Adult schistosomes

Question 44

The simplest technique in stool examination.

Answer 44

Direct Fecal Smear (DFS)

Question 45

Direct Fecal Smear is used to detect the following EXCEPT: A. Protozoan cysts B. Trohozoites C. Helminth larvae D. Helminth eggs

Answer 45

C. Helminth larvae

Question 46

TRUE or FALSE: Soft, diarrheic and watery stools can be better examined using the Modified Kato Thick Smear.

Answer 46

FALSE

Question 47

Solution used to dilute the fecal sample on the slide in DFS.

Answer 47

Normal Saline Solution (NSS)

Question 48

DFS uses how many mg of stool sample?

Answer 48

2 mg

Question 49

TRUE or FALSE: The Modified Kato Thick Smear is used to detect the presence of helminth eggs in stool samples.

Answer 49

TRUE

Question 50

TRUE or FALSE: In Pseudophyllidean worms, eggs encyst as procercoid larvae in intermediate hosts, and turns into plerocercoid larvae in the second intermediate hosts.

Answer 50

TRUE