Introduction to Living Organisms

Question 1

Scientific investigation is the most common type of problem-solving method. What is the most practical description of the scientific process?

A. If a hypothesis is sound, tests can support it.
B. If a hypothesis is sound, certain outcomes are to be expected.
C. If observations are accurate, they can support the hypothesis.
D. If a prediction is correct, the hypothesis is sound.

Answer 1

B. If a hypothesis is sound, certain outcomes are to be expected.

Question 2

According to the central dogma of molecular biology, what replicates itself in the cell?

A. Cytoplasm
B. DNA
C. Mitochondria
D. RNA

Answer 2

B. DNA

Question 3

According to the central dogma of molecular biology, what type of molecule is the blueprint of living organisms?

A. Carbohydrate
B. Deoxyribonucleic acid
C. Protein
D. Ribonucleic acid

Answer 3

B. Deoxyribonucleic acid

Question 4

Which of the following is the primary objective of systems biology?

A. To categorize the genomes of different species
B. To clarify complex problems
C. To analyze components and processes of organisms
D. To hasten the application of acquired knowledge

Answer 4

C. To analyze components and processes of organisms

Question 5

What terms refers to all of the organisms in a given geographical location?

A. Ecosystem
B. Population
C. Community
D. Kingdom

Answer 5

C. Community

Question 6

What is a community?

Answer 6

the living organisms that thrive together in a certain geographic boundary

Question 7

What is population?

Answer 7

group of species in a specific geographic location in a specified time

Question 8

What is an ecosystem?

Answer 8

composed of a community (biotic) and its environment (abiotic)

Question 9

What is Kingdom?

Answer 9

the second highest level taxonomic group in the hierarchy of living organisms

Question 10

What is the cytoplasm responsible for in the central dogma of molecular biology?

Answer 10

Nothing. It is just the material within a cell besides the nucleus.

Question 11

What is the endoplasmic reticulum responsible for in the central dogma of molecular biology?

Answer 11

helps process and transport molecules created by the cell

Question 12

What is the nucleus responsible for in the central dogma of molecular biology?

Answer 12

the site of transcription, not translation

Question 13

What do biotic factors refer to?

Answer 13

living elements that affect the environment or an organism in major or minor ways

Question 14

According to the central dogma of molecular biology, what is the correct order in the creation of molecules in the cell?

A. DNA to RNA to protein
B. Protein to DNA to RNA
C. RNA to DNA to protein
D. RNA to protein to DNA

Answer 14

A. DNA to RNA to protein

Question 15

Pseudouridimycin is a novel antibiotic. It inhibits a specific bacterial enzyme, blocking the transcription of bacterial DNA to RNA. What bacterial enzyme does pseudouridimycin inhibit?
Answer Choices

A. DNA polymerase
B. Helicase
C. RNA polymerase
D. Topoisomerase

Answer 15

C. RNA polymerase

Question 16

What does RNA polymerase do?

Answer 16

enzyme that uses DNA as a template to synthesize RNA

Question 17

What does DNA polymerase do?

Answer 17

enzymes that uses DNA as a template to replicate DNA

Question 18

What does Helicase do?

Answer 18

enzyme that separates the two strands of DNA for DNA replication to take place

Question 19

What does Topoisomerase do?

Answer 19

enzyme that relieves the supercoiling in DNA.

Question 20

Select the correct sequence of the hierarchy of life in the Linnaean Classification system from most specific to most broad.

A. Species, genus, family, order
B. Order, class, kingdom, phylum
C. Domain, kingdom, phylum, class
D. Order, family, class, phylum

Answer 20

A. Species, genus, family, order

Question 21

What is the order of the hierarchy of life from most specific to broad?

Answer 21

Species
Genus
Family
Order
Class
Phylum
Kingdom 
Domain

Question 22

Protists and bacteria each belong to different domains. Which of the following pieces of information about protists and bacteria is true?

A. Protists’ nuclei have a membrane.
B. Bacteria are not membranous.
C. Protists’ phagocytes are bacteria.
D. Bacteria decompose protists

Answer 22

A. Protists’ nuclei have a membrane.

Question 23

Which of the following relationships among organisms is most likely an example of mutualism?

A. Ants colonizing a tree
B. Two foxes digging holes in the ground
C. Tapeworms in a dog’s intestines
D. Young wasps attacking caterpillars

Answer 23

A. Ants colonizing a tree

Question 24

What is mutualism?

Answer 24

relationship between 2 different species of organisms from which each species beefits

Question 25

According to the central dogma of molecular biology, RNA is copied from DNA. What enzyme deficiency will occur if an mRNA molecule is unable to be synthesized from the DNA template?

A. DNA polymerase I
B. DNA polymerase II
C. RNA polymerase I
D. RNA polymerase II

Answer 25

D. RNA polymerase II

Question 26

What is RNA polymerase II responsible for?

Answer 26

synthesis of an mRNA molecule form the DNA template during transcription

Question 27

What is DNA Polymerase II responsible for?

Answer 27

involved in DNA replication in prokaryotes

Question 28

What is DNA polymerase I responsible for?

Answer 28

synthesizing DNA molecules from deoxyribonucleotides during DNA replication

Question 29

What is RNA polymerase I responsible for?

Answer 29

transcribing rRNA genes