Introduction to Key Statistical Concepts Flashcards
What 3 characteristics do ideal samples have?
- Representative
- Unbiased
- Precise
What 2 concepts are important in measuring random variation?
- Tendency
- Observation
How are observation and tendency linked?
Observed value is the best estimate of the true or underlying theory
What is a hypothesis?
A statement of scientific interest that takes a particular quantitative value
What is a P value and which number is associated with this?
- Calculated probability
- 0.05
What does a P-value>0.05 suggest?
Data is consistent with the stated hypothesis but does not prove it
What is a null hypothesis?
A hypothesis that assumes 2 things are equal
What are the total ratio and subtraction values of a null hypothesis?
Ratio = 1 Subtraction = 0
What is statistical variation?
Observed quantities are subject to variation by chance
What is a 95% confidence interval?
Range within which we can be 95% certain that the true value of the underlying tendency really lies
Which value always lies within the 95% confidence interval?
The observed value
What does a wider confidence interval indicate?
- Greater variation in population values
- Smaller sample size
What is a confidence interval an estimate of?
Precision of the observed values in the sample
