Introduction to Infectious disease Epidemiology Flashcards
What are the ways of transmission?
- Contact (direct or indirect)
- Perinatal
- Food or water borne
- Airborne
- Vector Borne
What are the reservoirs?
- Human
- Animals
- Soil
- Water
What can laboratory evidence include?
- Antibodies
- Viral isolation
- Nucleic acids
What diseases are acute with recovery and long term immunity?
- Measles
- Mumps
- Rubella
- Polio
- Diphtheria
What diseases are acute with some chronic carriers?
- HBV
- HSV - 1 and HSV - 2
- VZV
- Chlamydia trachomatis infections
What diseases are acute disease , chronic sequelae without carrier state?
- Group A streptococcal (ARF, AGN)
- Syphilis
- Lyme disease
What diseases are chronic carriers common?
- HIV
- HBV
- HSV -2
- HPV
- HCV
- H. pylori infections
- Opisthorchis viverrin
- Schistosoma infections
What diseases are chronic carriers that may develop cancer?
- HBV (heptocellular CA)
- HCV (heptocellular CA)
- HPV (Cervical or laryngeal CA)
- H. pylori (gastric CA)
- HTLV -1 (T cell leukemia)
- EBV (nasopharyngeal carcinoma)
- HHV - 8 (Kaposis’s sarcoma)
- Opisthorchis cholangiocarcinoma
What does incidence mean?
The rate at which persons acquire the disease or the rate at which the infectious agent is being transmitted throughout the population
What is incidence always associated with?
Unit of time
What does incidence represents ?
New cases of disease
What does prevalence mean?
The number of people who are infected divided by the number of people in the population
What can the number of people infected have ?
Symptoms or laboratory evidence of the infection
What does prevalence represents?
New and existing cases of disease
What is surveillance?
The ongoing and systematic collection, collation, and analysis of data, and the dissemination of the results to those who need to know to avoid or prevent infections or epidemics
