Introduction to Infection Flashcards

Question

Some Viral infections contribute to cancer example

Answer 1

Epstein- barr virus

Answer 2

Usually causes mild illness e.g. glandular fever Infects immune cells (B cells) and epithelial cells of nose and mouth (nasopharynx) Very common (90% get) Causes latent lifelong infection Contributes to certain cancers with other factors - Nasopharyngeal carcinoma especially in southern china - Lymphoma in HIV infection

Answer 3

- sinusitis - Meningitis= brain - Laryngitis= larynx - Pneumonia= lungs - Hepatitis= liver - Endocarditis= heart - Colitis or gastroenteritis= intestines - Cystitis= bladder - Osteomyelitis= bones - Cellulitis - Wound infections - Endometritis

Answer 4

the invasion and multiplication of microorganisms in body tissues, which may be clinically apparent or result in local cellular injury

Answer 5

vary in severity, location, host response to treatment, and potential for debilitating consequences

Answer 6

Septic shock syndrome Multi system organ failure

Answer 7

- Pathogen invades body - Immune response initiated, minimise tissue & organ damage Vasodilation Increased vascular permeability WBC recruitment Phagocytosis Cytokine release

Answer 8

- Redness - Heat - Swelling - Pain - Exudate - Cough - Fever - Fatigue

Answer 9

- Bacterial infection- treat with antibiotics - Viral infection- treat with antivirals - Fungal infection- treat with antifungals - Parasitic infection- treat with antiprotazoals

Answer 10

* HIV, attacks main target cell which is CD4 lympocyte * Glycoproteins (GP120) on HIV bind to cell surface receptors * Other receptors include CCR5, responsible for entry of viruses RNA into lympocytes * Co- receptor binding * Viral RNA exposed in host cell cytoplasm, reverse transcriptase enzyme present, converts exposed viral RNA into Viral DNA (HIV DNA) * Viral DNA migrates into the nucleus of host cell via nucelar pores * Process of integration, integrase enzyme used to slice through DNA of host cell and allow Viral DNA to be inserted= provirus * Infected DNA is then used to transcripe viral proteins, which go on to form more HIV cells which can infect other healthy cells in the body

Answer 11

- Proportion of CD4 cells decreases steeply at point of primary infection, has a slight rise due to immune response up to week twelve however continues to fall in the coming years

Answer 12

Symptoms are often quite severe and appear soon after the initial infection occurs. Usually <6 months in terms of duration

Answer 13

In these infections, the micro- organism is present for a long period and some may persist for life. Usually >6 months in terms of duration

Answer 14

A latent infection is persistent and the symptoms come and go. The infection can lie dormant and reactivate at any time

Answer 15

Caused by normally non- pathogenic organisms. These infections occur in individuals that are immunocompromised

Answer 16

- Norovirus infects hosts for days, causing diarrhoea and vomiting - Acute bacterial meningitis

Answer 17

- Hep C virus causes liver inflammation for years - Chronic infection with tuberculosis

Answer 18

- Herpesviruses can be dormant for decades before reactivating to cause disease - Tuberculosis can lie dormant for years and reactivate in reduced immunity

Answer 19

- Pneumocystic jiroveci pneumonia

Answer 20

- Varicella Zoster virus - Primary infection= chickenpox - Virus becomes dormant in sensory nerve roots - Reactivates years later as shingles Same rash Confined to dermatome= area supplied by single sensory nerve