Introduction to Industrial and Organizational Psychology

Question 1

Industrial and Organizational Psychology

Answer 1

is the branch of psychology that studies human behavior in the work environment and applies general psychological principles to work-related issues and problems.

Question 2

purpose of I/O psychology

Answer 2

to enhance the dignity and performance of human beings, and the organizations they work in, by advancing the science and knowledge of human behavior

Question 3

• Objectives of I/O psychology

Answer 3

• to conduct research in an effort to increase our knowledge and understanding of human work behavior
• to apply that knowledge to improve the work behavior, the work environment, and the psychological conditions of workers

Question 4

I/O psychology involves

Answer 4

• studying the basic personnel functions within organization
• studying the psychological processes underlying work behavior
• focus on group processes in the workplace

Question 5

Approaches in I/O Psychology

Answer 5

• industrial & organizational

Question 6

industrial approach

Answer 6

focuses on determining the competencies needed to perform a job, staffing the organization with employees who have those competencies, and increasing those competencies through training

Question 7

organizational approach

Answer 7

creates an organizational structure and culture that will motivate employees to perform well, give them with the necessary information to do their jobs, and provide working conditions that are safe and result in an enjoyable and satisfying work environment.

Question 7

Major Fields of I/O Psychology

Answer 7

• Personnel Psychology, Organizational Psychology, & Human Factors/Ergonomics

Question 8

Personnel Psychology

Answer 8

study and practice in such areas as
* analyzing jobs to obtain a complete picture of what each employee does, often assigning monetary values to each position
* recruiting applicants
* selecting employees
* determining salary levels
* training employees, and
* evaluating employee performance.

Question 9

Organizational Psychology

Answer 9

often conduct surveys of employee attitudes to get ideas about what employees believe are an organization’s strengths and weaknesses.

Question 10

Human Factors/Ergonomics

Answer 10

concentrate on workplace design, human-machine interaction, ergonomics, and physical fatigue and stress.

Question 11

Walter Dill Scott (1903)

Answer 11

• wrote “The Theory and Practice of Advertising” one of the earliest attempts to apply psychological principles to advertising and marketing practices.
• opened Scott corporation in 1919
• Scott Selection System

Question 12

Hugo Munsterberg

Question 13

Walter Bingham

Question 14

Frederick Winslow Taylor

Question 15

Kurt Lewin

Question 16

Scott Selection System

Answer 16

incorporated psychological testing and assessment methods for personnel selection purposes.