Introduction to Implant Dentistry Flashcards
Approximately ___% of adults aged 20 to 64 have no teeth and almost ___% of seniors (above the age of 65) have no remaining teeth
5%; 30%
The leading for cause for teeth loss:
Periodontal disease & caries
Approximately ____% of US adults aged 20-64 had dental caries in 2011-2012
____% of which suffered from untreated dental caries
91%; 26%
Periodontal disease affects ____% of the population between 35-44 years of age and ___% of people over 65 years of age
75%; 95%
120 million Americans are missing atleast ______ and more than 36 million are currently _____, 2/3 of which in both ____ (ACP)
One tooth; edentulous; arches
The success rate of dental implants has been reported to be around:
98%
In 2006 _____ implants were placed by U.S. Dentists
In 2006 _____ implants were placed by U.S. General dentists
5.5 million
3.1 million
The dental implant and final abutment market in the U.S. is currently valued at ______ and is forecast to reach _____ by 2025 and is largely driven by general practitioner procedure growth
1.1 billion; 1.5 billion
List the current methods of replacing missing teeth:
- implants
- complete denture
- removable partial denture
- fixed dental prosthesis
With a complete denture, _____% of lost function is restored
30%
With a removable partial denture, ____% of lost function is restored
60%
With fixed dental prosthesis (crowns & bridges), _____% of loss of function is restored.
100%
Fixed dental prosthesis (crowns & bridges) can be _____ or ____ supported
tooth; implant
A prosthetic device or alloplastic material implanted into the oral tissues beneath the mucosal and/or periosteal layer, and/or within the bone to provide retention and support for a fixed or removable dental prosthesis:
Dental implant
Implants were used as early as:
600AD mayan origin
Modern implant dentistry occurred:
early 19th century
List the three implant categories:
- eposteal
- transosteal
- endosteal
Implant category, on/around the bone:
eposteal
Implant category, through the bone:
transosteal
Implant category, in the bone:
endosteal
An eposteal implan is known as:
subperiosteal
A transosteal implants is known as:
transmandibular
A endosteal implant is known as:
blade & root form
Modern implant dentistry began in the early 19th century and implants were made of various materials, the most current being:
titanium
Implants that started in the early 1940s and were made of vitallium metal:
subperiosteral implants
The denture fabricated for the superiosteal implant were: (2)
- implant supported
- expensive
Describe the survival rate of subperiosteal implants:
Good survival rate (85% ten years)
When are subperiosteal implants indicated?
Indicated for atrophic edentulous mandible
What was an issue with subperiosteal implants?
Bone resorption over time leads to mobility, infection & loss
What type of implant is seen in the following images?
Subperiostal implants
Implants introduced in 1968 and made of titanium:
Transosteal implants
Describe the survival rate of transosteal implants:
Good success rate (91% at 15 years)
When are transosteal implants indicated?
Only indicated for the edentulous mandible
The denture for transosteal implants is:
tissue supported
Why are transosteal implants not widely used?
Requires invasive surgery usually in hospital setting (external incision/approach)
A transosteal implant is excellent for ____ where root form implants would weaken the jaw
atrophic mandible
Transosteal implants are restricted to:
the anterior mandible
What type of implant is seen in the following image?
transosteal implant
TMI:
Transmandibular implant
Transmandibular implants are restored with:
implant supported denture
When are transmandibular implants indicated?
Used for severe atrophic mandibles (less than 10mm)
What material is used for dtransmandibular implants?
Gold alloy (NOT titanium)
Transmandibular implants require a complex process, however they are _____ due to the design of the screws and degree of integration
reversible
What type of implant is seen in the following images?
transmandibular implants
Type of implant that eliminates the need for significant bone grading, ridge augmentation or vestibuloplasty and allows facial muscles to be reattached to improve facial profile:
transmandibular implants
The following image shows examples of:
endosteal implants
The following image shows what type of implant?
transmandibular implants
List three examples of endosteal implant types:
- blade
- cylinder
- screw
_____ implants are made of titanium and were introduced in 1969 for the possibility of restoring partially edentulous mandibles
blade implant
Describe the survival rate of blade implants:
good not great
Type of implant used mostly in the 80s:
blade implant
Describe the failures of blade implants:
largely due to the heat production during the implant site preparation and immediate loading
The following image shows what type of implants?
Blade implants
The following image shows what type of implants?
Blade implants
The following image shows what type of implants?
Blade implants
Considered the modern day implant:
root form implants
Describe the success rate of root form implants:
greater than 90% with the most recent ones being 98%
What materials comprise root form implants?
titanium or an alloy of titanium-aluminum-vanadium metal(s)
Root form implants are indicated for:
partially and completely edentulous patients both in the maxillary & mandibular arches
Became the standard with research of Branemark in 1970 based on the concept of osseointegration:
Root form implants
Describe the surface of a root form implant:
May be machined or roughed
The following image shows what type of implant?
Root form
Used in cases in which the posterior maxillary bone is severely atrophic:
(indicated when there is no maxillary posterior bone)
Zygomatic & Pterygoid superimplants
What term was introduced by Branemark?
Osseointegration
A direct structural and functional connection between ordered, living bone and the surface of a load-carrying unit:
Osseointegration
What material is not recognized by bone/body as a foreign object?
titanium
Because titanium is not recognized as a foreign object by the body there is less:
host rejection
Because titanium is not recognized as a foreign object by the body there is less likely to reject, this allows for:
integration into the surrounding hard tissue
Teeth are susceptible to caries and periodontal disease, while implants are susceptible to:
- peri-implantitis (bone)
- peri-mucositis (soft tissue)
Peri-implantitis affects the:
bone
Peri-mucositis affects the:
soft tissue
What determines whether an implant design is considered one-piece or two-piece:
depends on if the prosthesis abutment is part of the implant or a separate piece
What determines whether the implant is tissue level or bone level?
depends on if the implant is fully embedded into the surrounding bone or presents in the transmucosal portion
What distinguishes whether an implant is external hex or internal hex?
Distinguished by whether the implant area connecting the implant to the prosthetic components protrudes from the implants or is internal to it
What is the predictability of a single implant fixture survival rate:
94-98%
55-60% of implant failures occur:
prior to the placement of the restoration
40-45% of implant failures occur:
after the restoration placement
____% of failures occur in the 1st year
____% of failures occur in the 2nd year
____% of failure occurred in the 3rd year
57%
34%
9%
Overtime some bone loss surrounding the implant is not considered pathological.
Average of _____mm during the 1st year and an average of ____ each year after
1mm
0.1mm
____ of soft tissue recession can generally be expected during the first year. Most of this occurs within the first _____ following abutment connection surgery.
1mm; 3 months
