Introduction to implant dentistry Flashcards
Approximately ___% of adults aged 20-64 have no teeth and almost ___% of seniors (above the age of 65) have no remaining teeth
5%; 30%
The leading cause for tooth loss:
periodontal disease & caries
Approximately __% of US adults aged 20-64 had dental caries in 2011-2012
___% of which suffered from untreated dental caries
91%; 26%
Periodontal disease affects ___% of the population between 35-44 years of age and ___% of people over 65 years of age
75%; 95%
120 million Americans are missing atleast ____, and more than 26 million are currently ____. 2/3 of which in both ____ (ACP)
one tooth; edentulous; arches
The success rate of dental implants has been reported to be around:
98%
In 2006, ______ implants were placed by U.S. Dentist.
In 2006, _____ implants were placed by U.S. General Dentists.
5.5 million; 3.1 milion
The dental implant and final abutment market in the U.S. is currently valued at _____ and is forecast to reach ____ by 2025 and is largely driven by general practitioner procedure growth.
1.1 billion; 1.5 billion
List the current methods of replacing missing teeth:
- implants
- complete denture
- removable partial denture
- fixed dental prosthesis (implant supported or tooth supported)
With a complete denture, ___% of los function is restored
30%
With a removable partial denture, ___% of lost function is restored
60%
With fixed dental prosthesis (crowns & bridges), ___% of lost function is restored.
100%
Fixed dental prosthesis (crowns & bridges) can be ____ or ____ supported
tooth; implant
A prosthetic device or all-plastic material implanted into the oral tissues beneath the mucosal and/or periostea layer, and/or within the bone to provide retention and support for a fixed or removable dental prosthesis
dental implant
Implants were used as early as:
600 AD mayan origin
Modern implant dentistry occurred:
early 19th century
List the three implant categories:
- Eposteal
- Transosteal
- Endosteal
Implant category, on/around the bone:
Eposteal
Implant category, through the bone:
Transosteal
Implant category, in the bone:
Endosteal
An eposteal implant is known as:
subperiosteal
A Transosteal implant is known as:
transmandibular
An endosteal implant is known as:
blade and root form
Modern implant dentistry began in the early 19th century and implants were made of various materials, the most current being:
titanium
Implants that started in the early 1940s and were made of vitalism metal:
subperiosteal implants
The denture fabricated for the subperiosteal implants were: (2)
- implant supported
- expensive
Describe the survival rate for subperiosteal implants:
Good survival rate (85% 10 years)
When are subperiosteal implants indicated?
indicated for atrophic edentulous mandible
What was an issue with subperiosteal implants:
bone resorption over time lead to mobility, infection, and loss
What type of implant is seen I the following images
Subperiosteal
Implants introduced in 1968 and made of titanium:
Transosteal implants
Describe the survival rate of transosteal implants:
91% success rate 15 years (excellent)
When are transosteal implants indicated?
only indicated for edentulous mandible
The denture for transosteal implants is:
tissue-supported
Why are transosteal implants not widely used?
requires invasive surgery usually in hospital setting (external incision/approach)
A transosteal implant is excellent for ____ where root form implants would weaken the jaw.
atrophic mandible
Transosteal implants are restricted to:
anterior mandible
What type of implant is seen in the following image?
transosteal implant
TMI:
Transmandibular implant
Transmandibular dentures are restored with:
implant supported denture
When are transmandibular implants indicated?
used for severe atrophic mandible (less than 10 mm)
What material is used for dtransmandibular implants?
gold alloy (NOT titanium)
Transmandibular implants require a complex process, however they are ___ due to the design of screws and degree of integration
reversible
What type of implant is seen in the following images?
transmandibular
Type of implants that eliminates the need for significant bone grafting, ridge augmentation or vestibuloplasty and allows facial muscles to be reattached to improve facial profile:
Transmandibular
The following image shows examples of:
endosteal implants
The following image shows what type of implant?
Transmandibular implant
List three examples of endosteal implant types:
- blade
- cylinder
- screw
____ implants are made of titanium and were introduced in 1969 for the possibility of restoring partially edentulous mandibles.
Blade
Describe the survival rate for a blade implant:
good not great
Type of implant used mostly in the 80s:
blade implant
Describe the failures of blade implants:
largely due to the heat production during the implant site preparation and immediate loading
The following image shows what type of implant?
blade implant
The following image shows what type of implant?
blade implant
Considered the modern day implant:
root form implant
Describe the success rate of root form implants
greater than 90% with the most recent ones at 98%
What materials comprise root form implants?
titanium or an allow of titanium-aluminum-vanadium metals
Root form implants are indicated for:
partially & completely edentulous patients both in the maxillary and mandibular arches
Became the standard with research of Branemark in 1970 based on the concept of osseointegration:
Root form implants
Describe the surface of root form implants:
may be machined or roughed
The following image shows what type of implant?
root form implant
Used in cases where the posterior maxillary bone is severely atrophic (indicated when there is no maxillary posterior bone):
zygomatic & pterygoid super implants
What term was introduced by branemark?
osseointegration
A direct structural and functional connection between ordered, living bone and the surface of a load-carrying implant:
Osseointegraton
What material is not recognized by the body as a foreign object?
titanium
Because titanium is not recognized as a foreign object by the body there is less:
host rejection
Because titanium is not recognized as a foreign object by the body there is less host rejection, this allows for:
integration into the surrounding hard tissue
Teeth are susceptible to caries & periodontal disease, while implants are susceptible to:
- peri-implantitis (bone)
- peri-mucositis (soft-tissue)
Peri-implantitis affects the:
bone
Peri-mucositis affects the:
soft-tissue
What determines whether an implant design is considered one-piece or two-piece?
depending on if the prosthesis abutment is part of the implant or a separate piece
What determines whether the implant is tissue level or bone level?
dependent on if the implant is fully embedded into the surrounding bone or presents in the transmucosal portion
What determines whether an implant is external hex or internal hex?
distinguished by whether the implant area connecting the implant to the prosthetic components protrudes form the implant or is internal to it
What is the predictability of a single implant fixture survival rate?
94-98%
55-60% of implant failures occur:
prior to placement of the restoration
40-45% of implant failures occur:
after the restoration placement
___% of failures occur within the 1st year of placement
___ % of failures occur in the 2nd year of placement
___% of failures occur in the 3rd year of placement
57%; 34%; 9%
Overtime, some bone loss surrounding the implant is not considered pathological. There is an average of ___ during the 1st year, and and average of ___ each year after
1mm; 0.1mm
_____ of soft-tissue recession can generally be expected during the first year. Most of this occurs within the first ____ following abutment connection surgery.
1mm; 3 months
