Introduction to Immunology (Module 1)

Question 1

_______________ is the study of how the body responds to protect itself from foreign agents as bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites, chemical irritants, toxins and malignant (cancer) cells.

Answer 1

Immunology

Question 2

____________ is the ability to respond to foreign antigens (the ability to resist disease).

Answer 2

Immunity

Question 3

What are the two main categories of immunity?

Answer 3

Innate immunity or Natural Immunity

Adaptive Immunity or Acquired Immunity

Question 4

_______ _______ ________ us the coordinated action of the immune system to foreign agents.

Answer 4

The Immune Response

Question 5

What does Innate (natural) immunity describe?

Answer 5

All of the defense mechanisms that are present from birth and protect an individual from injury by foreign or abnormal agents

Question 6

What are the 6 innate immunity defense mechanisms?

Answer 6

Mechanical Barriers

Chemicals and Anti-microbials

Phagocytes (neutrophils and monocytes) and Natural Killer Cells

Inflammation

Complement

Acute Phase Reactants

Question 7

________ ________ ________ are produced by the liver in increased amounts as part of the innate immune response to infection/inflammation.

Answer 7

Acute phase proteins

Question 8

C-reactive protein 
Haptoglobin
Fibrinogen
Alpha 1 - Antitrypsin
Ceruloplasmin
Alpha 2 - Macroglobulin

Answer 8

100-1000X; 6 hours post injury
2-4X
2-4X; 24-48 hours post injury
2-4X
50 percent
50 percent

Question 9

____________ ___________ is mediated by lymphocytes and is _________ or _________ as we encounter challenging agents.

Answer 9

Adaptive immunity

learned or acquired

Question 10

What are the 5 adpative mechanisms for the immune system?

Answer 10

Self Discrimination

Specificity/diversity

Adaptiveness/Specialization

Memory

Deactivation Mechanisms

Question 11

Adaptive immunity is centered on two main components, _________ immunity and _________ cellular immunity,

Answer 11

humoral

cellular

Question 12

____________ ______________ involves the production of soluble plasma proteins called immunoglobulins.

Answer 12

Humoral immunity

Question 13

The humoral immune system deals with __________ ___________.

Answer 13

extracellular antigens.

Question 14

___________ __________, as the name implies, involves cells, such as T-lymphocytes.

Answer 14

Cellular immunity

Question 15

The secondary lymphoid tissue consists of the _______ __________, ___________, and ____-___________ _______ __________

Answer 15

lymph nodes, spleen, and mucosa associated tissue.

Question 16

What do the secondary lymphoid structures servce two functions.

Answer 16

1- Trap and concentrate foriegn antigens
2- Serve as the site where T and B cells encounter specific foreign antigen and differentiate and proliferate to form many antigens specific lymphocytes.

Question 17

The _________ is responsive to blood borne antigens.

The ______ ___________ protect the body from antigens that gain entry from the skin/tissues.

The __________ protects the mucosal surfaces of the body

Answer 17

Spleen

Lymph Nodes

Malt