Introduction to Immunology Flashcards
What is an antigen? Give examples.
Any substance that can induce an immune response like lipids, pollen, proteins, cancer cells, viruses, bacteria, etc…
All of the immune cells develop in — except T-cells develop in —-. What are these 2 organs called?
bone marrow, thymus
Primary lymphoid organs
Where do the adaptive immune responses arise? What are these organs called?
Lymph nodes and the spleen
Secondary lymphoid organs
Stem Cell Derivation
Slides
The immune system is —- & —–
dynamic and systemic
Why is the immune system considered systemic?
When an immune response is generated in one location, it provides protection all over the body not just at the site. This is also due to the immune cells being able to move between blood, lymph, and organs.
What are the components of innate immunity?
1- Epithelial barriers in skin, GI tract, lungs, urinary tracts…
2- Tissue Resident Cells such as dendritic cells, macrophages, basophils, NK cells, Mast Cells, and noncellular complements
3- Blood circulating innate cells such as neutrophils and monocytes
Where are NK cells found and what is their role?
NK cells are found in tissues and blood.
They recognize virally infected cells and tumor development cells and fight them.
What do noncellular complements do?
They differentiate if the antigen is viral or bacterial and help in its elimination.
What cells are the bridge between the innate and adaptive immunity? How?
The dendritic cells which are tissue resident cells will be activated by binding to the antigen through scavenger receptors and others. Then it will engulf the pathogen, chop it and present it on the surface along other MHC molecules. Then it travels to lymph nodes and helps the T cell specific to its antigen transform into an effector cell that will travel into to the site of infection.
Characteristics of Innate Response?
Immediate, no memory, identical for all antigens, receptors are not specific and invariant, not super efficient, can get overwhelmed if the antigen replicates fast, could be inflammatory by recruiting lymphocytes or non-inflammatory by secretion of Type I interferon to block viral replication or by NK cells that kill virally infected cells.
Components of the adaptive immunity
Transcript and slides
Characteristics of Adaptive Immunity.
1- Diverse and specific
2- Memory
3- Self-tolerance: recognize self from nonself
4- Not fast because not originally present when microbe enter
What are the mediators of the cell-cell crosstalk?
Cytokines
All immune cells secrete and have receptors for —-
Cytokines
