Introduction to Imaging Flashcards
what is imaging
a branch of medicine used to diagnose, stage, give prognosis and evaluate response to treatment by producing an image using ionizing and non-ionizing radiation
what is structural imaging
image produced because of different tissue characteristics
CT
MRI
what is functional imaging
image produced because of different physiology of tissues and organs and their metabolic activity and blood flow within them
fMRI
PET
what does fMRI show
flow of oxygenated versus deoxygenated blood in brain
what does PET show
the metabolism of glucose by tissues
what is ionising radiation
ionising radiation is radiation with enough energy that during an interaction with an atom, it can remove tightly bound electrons from the orbit of an atom, causing the atom to become charged or ionised
what is non-ionising radiation
non-ionising radiation is the term given to radiation in the part of the electromagnetic spectrum where there is insufficient energy to cause ionisation
what is sensitivity
how likely the test is to detect the presence of a characteristic in someone with the characteristic
what is specificity
how likely the test is to detect the absence of a characteristic in someone without the characteristic
what is a digitally reconstructed radiograph (DRR)
a simulation of a plain x-ray constructed from a CT scan dataset
what is image quality
how accurately the image represents the subject/object
what is artefact
artificial information on the image that is produced by physical and/or imaging phenomena over which the operator has little, if any, control
what are examples of non-ionizing imaging
MRI
ultrasound
