Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

LITE (M1) > Introduction to ICT (Part 2) > Flashcards

Introduction to ICT (Part 2) Flashcards

1
Q

Originally, calculations were computed by _____, whose job title was computers.

A

humans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

True or False: These human computers were typically engaged in the calculation of a mathematical expression.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

True or False: The calculations of this period were specialized and expensive, requiring years of training in mathematics.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

A word referring to a person who carried out calculations, or computations.

A

Computer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The first computers used _____ for circuitry and magnetic drums for memory, and were often enormous, taking up entire rooms.

A

vacuum tubes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

True or False: First generation computers were very expensive to operate and in addition to using a great deal of electricity, generated a lot of heat, which was often the cause of malfunctions.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

First generation computers relied on _____, the lowest-level programming language understood by computers, to perform operations, and they could only solve one problem at a time.

A

machine language

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What generation of computers that the input was based on punched cards and paper tape, and output was displayed on printouts?

A

First Generation (Vacuum Tubes)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

ENIAC, EDSAC, UNIVAC I, UNIVAC II, UNIVAC 1101 are example of what generation of computers?

A

First Generation (Vacuum Tubes)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

(1)_____ replaced vacuum tubes and ushered in the (2)_____ of computers.

A
  1. Transistors
  2. Second Generation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

_____ transistor replaced the equivalent of 40 vacuum tubes allowing computers to become smaller, faster, cheaper, more energy-efficient and more reliable.

A

One

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

True or False: Second Generation of Computers still generated a great deal of heat that can damage the computer.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

There were also the first computers that stored their instructions in their memory, which moved from a magnetic drum to magnetic core technology.

A

Second Generation (Transistors)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Still relied on punched cards for input and printouts for output.

A

Second Generation (Transistors)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

_____ computers moved from cryptic binary machine language to symbolic, or assembly, languages, which allowed programmers to specify instructions in words.

A

Second-generation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

UNIVAC III, RCA 501, Philco Transact S-2000, NCR 300 series, IBM 7030 Stretch, IBM 7070, 7080, 7090 series are examples of what generation of computers?

A

Second Generation (Transistors)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

The development of the (1)_____ was the hallmark of the (2)_____ of computers.

A
  1. Integrated Circuit
  2. Third Generation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Transistors were miniaturized and placed on silicon chips, called semiconductors, which drastically increased the speed and efficiency of computers.

A

Third Generation (Integrated Circuit)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Much smaller and cheaper compare to the second generation of computers.

A

Third Generation (Integrated Circuit)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

True or False: Third Generation (Integrated Circuit) of Computers could carry out instructions in billionths of a second.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

True or False: Users interacted with the third generation computers through keyboards and monitors and interfaced with an operating system, which allowed the device to run many different applications at one time with a central program that monitored the memory.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Computers for the first time became accessible to a mass audience because they were smaller and cheaper than their predecessors.

A

Third Generation (Integrated Circuit)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

The (1)_____ brought the (2)_____ of computers, as thousands of integrated circuits were built onto a single silicon chip.

A
  1. Microprocessor
  2. Fourth Generation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

The use of Personal Computer (PCs) elevated on this generation and the First Personal Computer (PC) changed into advanced through IBM. For example, Apple, CRAY-1, etc.

A

Fourth Generation (Microprocessors)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Osborne I (the 1st laptop), Ryzen, Intel are examples of what generation of computers?

A

Fourth Generation (Microprocessors)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

It is based on (1)_____. (2) The goal is to develop devices that respond to natural language input and are capable of learning and self-organization.

A
  1. Artificial Intelligence
  2. Fifth Generation
27
Q

There are some applications, such as voice recognition, that are being used today. They are easily portable and wireless. They have extra high processing speed and capabilities of parallel processing.

A

Fifth Generation (Artificial Intelligence)

28
Q

These computers are more reliable, works faster than other computers and are available in different sizes with different features, with different affordable prices.

A

Fifth Generation (Artificial Intelligence)

29
Q

What are the branches of AI?

A

Machine Learning, Neural Networks, Robotics, Expert Systems, Fuzzy Logic, Natural Language Processing

30
Q

It is the component of computer systems which refers to tangible components of a computer system. Further divided into three groups namely input, output and system unit.

A

Hardware

31
Q

It is the most important component of computer systems. It is made up of the people responsible for maintaining, operating, programming, and analyzing the output generated by the computer system.

A

Peopleware

32
Q

It is the component of computer systems which refers to the set of instructions written in a code-that computers can understand and execute, also called as program.

A

Software

33
Q

_____ are pieces of hardware that get raw data into the computer ready for processing.

A

Input devices

34
Q

_____ involves taking raw data and turning it into more useful information.

A

Processing

35
Q

They perform the two most basic computing tasks: issuing commands and entering data.

A

Hardware: Input Unit

36
Q

Defined as the process of entering data into the computer memory and issuing commands that tell the processor how to work with the data.

A

Data Entry

37
Q

Keyboard and mouse are from _____?

A

Input Unit

38
Q

When the inputted raw data gas been processed it becomes usable information. _____ are pieces of hardware that send this usable information out of the computer.

A

Output devices

39
Q

What are the various computer-generated output forms?

A

Text Output, Graphic Output, Sound Output, Video Output

40
Q

Printer, speaker, and monitor are from?

A

Hardware: Output Unit

41
Q

It holds the system devices that perform calculations as requested from the input device, which can range from a microprocessor to a capacitor or system lock. Every system device has its own function.

A

System Unit

42
Q

The _____ is central to any computer system. All components plug into the _____ either directly (straight into the circuit board) or indirectly (via USB ports). Once connected to the _____, the components can work together to form the computer system.

A

Motherboard

43
Q

The _____ is the brain of the computer. It controls what the computer does and is responsible for performing calculations and data processing. It also handles the movement of data to and from system memory.

A

Central Processing Unit (CPU)

44
Q

CPUs come in a variety of speeds which are known as _____. _____ are measured in Hertz. The faster the _____, the faster the performance of the computer.

A

clock rates

45
Q

True or False: Intel and AMD are examples of CPU.

A

True

46
Q

Random Access Memory (RAM) and Read Only Memory (ROM), referred as _____ are used to store computer data and this can be directly accessed by the CPU.

A

primary storage

47
Q

Used to temporarily store information that is currently in use by the computer. This van include anything from word documents to videos. Generally measured in GB (Gigabytes). It is a fast memory and data can be written to and read from it very quickly and so the information stored can change all the time.

A

Random Access Memory (RAM)

48
Q

It is a Volatile Memory, which means that information stored in RAM is deleted as soon as the computer is turned off. The more _____ you have installed in your computer, the faster it can perform. You can open and use more programs at the same time without slowing the computer.

A

Random Access Memory (RAM)

49
Q

It loads the operating system (e.g. Windows) and used to permanently store instructions that tell the computer how to boot (start up).

A

Read Only Memory (ROM)

50
Q

These instructions are known as _____ or the boot program.

A

BIOS (Basic Input/Output System)

51
Q

Informatiom stored in ROM is known as _____. This means that the contents of ROM canmot be altered or added to by the user.

A

READ ONLY

52
Q

Used to store data that is not instantly needed by the computer.

A

Secondary Storage Devices

53
Q

Internal Hard Disk Drives are what category of storage devices?

A

Internal Storage

54
Q

Hard Disk Drive, Memory, and Stick are what category of storage devices?

A

External Storage

55
Q

These are hardware devices that plug into the motherboard and enables the computer to display images on the monitor. They usually require the installation of software alongside the hardware.

A

Video Card/Graphics Card

56
Q

True or False: The software instructs the computer how to use the graphics card and also allows you to alter settings to change image quality and size.

A

True

57
Q

These are internal hardware devices that plug into the motheboard. It allows the computer system to produce sound but they also allow users to connect microphones in order to input sounds into the computer.

A

Sound Card

58
Q

It converts mains AC to low-voltage regulated DC power for the internal components of a computer.

A

Power Supply

59
Q

It assists the CPU to cool down. It is made up of aluminum.

A

Fan and Heat Sink

60
Q

A program which manages computer hardware. Examples are Microsoft Windows, Mac, Linux, and Android.

A

Operating System

61
Q

All programs that users use to perform different tasks or for problem solving.

A

Application Software

62
Q

What are the common utility software?

A

Office programs (Microsoft Office), Antivirus programs (Avira, Avast, Kaspersky, Eset), Internet browser (Mozilla Firefox, Google Chrome, Internet Explorer), Image editing software (adobe Photoshop, canvas)

63
Q

Refers to the role of people in the computing process.

A

Peopleware

LITE (M1) (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions