Introduction to Human Gross Anatomy Flashcards
Who is considered the father of medicine?
Hippocrates
What is the Oath a physician takes?
Hippocratic Oath
What was Hippocrates main interest?
Philosophy. He had relatively little interest in anatomy or anatomical study
How did Aristotle play a part in the historical milestones in the understanding and study of human anatomy?
Interest in the natural world led him to examine living things and wrote about the anatomy of various animals
Comparative anatomical approach led him to ideas about the relationships among organisms and was the first person to think about variation among organisms in terms of adaptation and evolution
Who are Herophilus and Erasistratus?
Taught one of the first medical schools at the great Museum of Alexandria. Did human dissections. Surgeons during the Ptolemaic period in Alexandria, Egypt. Realized the heart was a pump.
First to describe the relationship between the peripheral and central nervous systems, and to promote the idea of motor and sensory impulses
Who is Galen?
Roman physician and surgeon and studies injuries to gladiators.
Did dissecting on monkeys and other animals. Promoted idea that blood ran through vessels
Vein named after him called vein of galen-goes between two cerebral hemispheres.
How did Leonardo Da Vinci contribute to anatomy?
Did many detailed drawings and dissections on the human body.
How did Andreas Vesalius (andries van Wesel) contribute to anatomy?
He is considered by many to be the father of anatomical study. Did many drawings.
Published first printed anatomical text “vesalius’ De Huani Corporis Fabrica” in 1543
How does Anatomy differ from Physiology?
Anatomy is the study of structure and anatomists examine the relationships among parts of the body along with the structure of individual organs.
Physiology studies the functions of living organisms
What are the sub disciplines of anatomy?
Microscopic (Histology)
Developmental (Embryology)
Visible (Gross Anatomy)
What are the subdivisions of Visible/Gross Anatomy?
Comparative (within or among species)
Functional (how structures work)
Abnormal or diseased (pathology)
What types of images are used in the study of anatomy?
Radiographic
Computerized tomography (CT)
Ultrasound
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
What is the difference of general anatomy vs clinical anatomy?
General studies include function, organization, and relationships of structures in an organism
Clinical anatomy puts structure, function, organization, and relationships with an organism in the context of the maintenance of a healthy patient and the prevention and treatment of disease.
What are the levels of organization in the human body starting with atoms?
Atoms, Molecule (Chemical level) Cells (cellular level) Tissue level Organ level Organ system level Organismal level
What defines an organ?
Different tissue types that work together to preform specific, complex functions
What is the integumentary system?
Broad term is skin - also includes hair and nails
Provides protection, regulates body temperature, site of cutaneous receptors, synthesizes vitamin D, prevents water loss
What is the skeletal system?
Bones
Provides support and protection
Site of hematopoeisis, stores calcium and phosphorus, allows for body movement
What is the muscular system?
Muscles
produces body movement and generates heat when muscles contract
What is the nervous system?
Regulatory system - brain, central nervous system and peripheral nervous system
Responds to sensory stimuli, control all other systems, responsible for consciousness, intelligence, memory
Controls body movement
What is the endocrine system?
Composes of different parts of the body that consists of glands and cell clusters that secrete hormones; some of which regulate body and cellular growth, chemical levels in the body, and reproductive functions
I.e - thyroid, thyus, pancreas, kidney, testes, ovaries etc
What is the cardiovascular system?
Heart, and blood vessels
Consists of a pump that moves blood through blood vessels in order to distribute hormones, nutrients. gases, and pick up waste products.
What is the lymphatic system?
Transports and filters lymph (interstitial fluid)
Initiates an immune response when necessary
i.e spleen, tonsils, lymph nodes, lymphatic vessels, thymus etc
What is the respiratory system?
Includes nose/nasal cavity to the lungs
Responsible for exchange of gases between blood and the air in the lungs
What is the digestive system?
Mechanically and chemically digests food materials; absorbs nutrients; expels waste products
mouth ->pharynx->esophagus ->liver,stomach, large intestine, small intestine
