Introduction to Hematologic Malignancies

Question 1

A hematologic malignancy for an acute leukemia or a myeloid neoplasm will most likely occur in _______

Answer 1

stem cells or progenitor cells in the marrow

Question 2

extranodal lymphomas present as ______

Answer 2

heme malignancies that present at sites such as skin brain or GI tract

Question 3

Acute refers to _____ grade leukemias while chronic refers to _____ grade ones.

Answer 3

High

Low

Question 4

A high grade lymphoma may present as a _____

Answer 4

rapidly enlarging mass

Question 5

A very high white blood count with near replacement of the normal cells in the marrow and blood is characteristic of a _____ grade _____.

Answer 5

high grade leukemia

Question 6

recurrent abnormalities are most commonly _____ (type of chromosome modification)

Answer 6

balanced translocations

Question 7

Epstein Barr virus, Human T cell leukemia virus-1, and Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus/ Human herpesvirus-8 all have what in common?

Answer 7

These are viruses that can lead to lymphomas and leukemias.

EBV
HTLV-1
KSV/HHV-8

Question 8

which leukemia related virus only affects people in Japan?

Answer 8

HTLV-1 (causes adult T cell Lymphoma/leukemia)

Question 9

Define myeloid malignancies

Answer 9

Malignancies arising from mature or immature members of the granulocytic, monocytic, erythroid, megakaryocytic, and mast cell lineages. (pretty much the non-B cell T cell ones)

Question 10

Define Lymphoid malignancies

Answer 10

Malignancies arising from mature or immature members of the B cell, T cell, and NK cell lineages.

Question 11

What malignancies fall in the other category (non-lymphoid or myeloid)?

Answer 11

Those related to histiocytosis, histiocytic sarcoma, dendritic cell tumor, and dendritic cell sarcoma. Basically stuff related to histiocytes and dendritic cells (don’t fall in the category of myeloid or lymphoid).

Question 12

True or false: At least 3 pieces of data from the WHO classification system should be obtained to diagnose a certain cancer?

Answer 12

Falso. For some cancers or diagnostic entities only one piece of evidence is necessary (i.e. identifying t(11;14) is enough diagnostic data to determine mantle cell lymphoma) while in other lymphomas different numbers and kinds of evidence will be used.

Question 13

What type of leukemia is this:
rapid accumulation of (usually) immature cells in the marrow. These cells often replace many of the normal marrow cells resulting in cytopenias.

Answer 13

Acute Leukemia.

Question 14

What type of leukemia is this:
A clonal population is derived from a neoplastic hematopoietic stem cell which takes over the marrow. These cells are not capable of making normal blood cells in one or more myeloid lineages (dysplasia). Seeing falling peripheral blood cell counts and it usually leads to AML.

Answer 14

Myelodysplastic syndrome

Question 15

What type of leukemia is this:
A neoplastic clonal proliferation of the marrow where the clone makes normal functioning blood cells but makes too many of them (in one or more lineages).

Answer 15

Myeloproliferative Neoplasms

Question 16

What type of leukemia is this:

A lymphoma driven by Hodgkin-Reed-Sternberg cells. These derive from B cells.

Answer 16

Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma

Question 17

What type of leukemia is this:

Any malignancy derived from mature B-cells (excluding CHL and plasma cell neoplasms), T cells, or NK cells.

Answer 17

Non-Hodgkins Lymphoma

Question 18

What type of leukemia is this:

Affects terminal B cells (plasma cells) and includes diseases such as MGUS, plasmacytoma, and multiple myeloma.

Answer 18

Plasma Cell Neoplasms

Question 19

T or F: Only in rare situations is surgery an appropriate therapy for hematologic malignancies (i.e. lymph node).

Answer 19

True.

Question 20

In a lymphoma the transforming event occurs in a ______ whereas in a leukemia the transforming event occurs in a _______

Answer 20

lymphocyte

stem cell or progenitor cell

Question 21

If the transforming event occurs in a multipotent cell, the clonal population in many hematologic malignancies will include _____ cell types

Answer 21

various

Question 22

Leukemic cells are often ____–often accumulating due to a lack of in maturation.

Answer 22

blasts