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PARASITOLOGY > INTRODUCTION TO HELMINTHS > Flashcards

INTRODUCTION TO HELMINTHS Flashcards

1
Q

Classification by Infection Mode: What are the different modes of infection for helminths?

A

①By ingestion
②By penetration of skin
③By blood sucking insects
④By inhalation of dust containing eggs

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2
Q

Which helminths are associated with ingestion of eggs?

A

①Ascaris
②Enterobius
③Trichuris

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3
Q
A
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4
Q

Which helminths are associated with ingestion of Larvae within intermediate host?

A

Dracunculus

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5
Q
A
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6
Q

Which helminths are associated with ingestion of Encysted larvae in the muscle?

A

Trichinella

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7
Q

Which helminths are transmitted by penetration of skin？

A

①Ancylostoma
②Necator
③Strongyloides

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8
Q

Which helminths are transmitted by blood sucking insects？

A

Filariae

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9
Q

Which helminths are transmitted by inhalation of dust containing eggs?

A

①Ascaris
②Enterobius

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10
Q

Egg Laying/Larvae Types: Can you describe the differences between oviparous, viviparous, and ovoviviparous helminths?

A

①Oviparous: Egg laying nematodes
②Viviparous: Producing larvae
③Ovoviviparous: Laying eggs containing fully formed larvae which hatch out immediately

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11
Q

Oviparous: Egg laying nematodes

A

①Unsegmented eggs: Ascaris & Trichuris
②Segmented eggs: Ancylostoma & Necator

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12
Q

Viviparous: Producing larvae:

A

①Trichinella
②Wuchereria
③Brugia
④Dracunculus

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13
Q

Ovoviviparous: Laying eggs containing fully formed larvae which hatch out immediately:

A

Strongyloides

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14
Q

Helminth Groups: What are the two main groups of helminths and what distinguishes them?

A

①Nemahelminths
Nematodes – Roundworms

②Platyhelminths ( Flatworms)
- Trematodes - flukes
- Cestodes - tapeworms

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15
Q

Nematode Habitats: How are nematodes classified based on their habitat？

A

①Intestinal nematodes
②Blood and tissue nematodes

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16
Q

Intestinal nematodes；

A

①Soil transmitted helminths (STH)
②Others Non – soil transmitted helminths ( Non- STH)

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17
Q

Blood and tissue nematodes

A

Filaria and drucunculus

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18
Q

INTESTINAL NEMATODES

A

Small intestine: ①Ascaris
②Ancylostoma
③Necator
④Strongyloides
⑤Trichinella
Large intestine: ①Enterobius
②Trichuris

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19
Q

TISSUE NEMATODES (Somatic nematodes)

A

①Lymphatic: Wuchereria, Brugia
②Sub-cutaneous: Loa loa, Onchocerca, Dracunculus
③Mesentry: Mansonella spp.
④Conjunctiva: Loa loa
⑤Zoonotic filariasis: Dirofilaria spp.

20
Q

Soil transmitted helminths；

  • These require period of development and maturation during
    their life cycle in the soil
A

①Ascaris lumbricoides
②Trichuris trichiura
③Hookworm ( Necator americanus and Ancylostoma
duodenale)
④Strongyloides stercolaris

21
Q

Non – soil transmitted helminths；

A

①Enterobius vermicularis
②Trichinella spiralis

22
Q

Filaria and drucunculus

A

①Wuchereria bancrofti
②Brugia malayi
③Brugia timori
④Onchocerca vovulus
⑤Drucunculus medinensis

23
Q

HUMAN FILARIAL WORMS

A

thread-like worms transmitted by blood sucking arthropods

they are zoonotic
Cause FILARIARIS

24
Q

Morphology of filarial worms

A

①Adult worm
②Microfilariae(embryo)；
Sheathed microfilarie or
unsheathed microfilariae

25
Q
A
26
Q

How many species of filarial worms infect humans ?

A

eight

27
Q

Definite hosts of filarial worms

A

Humans

28
Q

Classification of human filarial worms

A

①Lymphatic filariasis
②Subcutaneous filariasis
③Serous cavity filariasis

29
Q

Lymphatic filariasis agents

A

①Wuchereria bancrofti (bancroftian filariasis)
②Brugia Malaya (Malayan filariasis)
③Brugia timori

30
Q

Subcutaneous filariasis

A

①Loa loa(calabar/fugitive swelling)
②Oncocerca volvulus（river blindness, dermatitis)
③Mansonella streptocerca(skin diseases)

31
Q

Serous cavity filariasis

A

①Mansonella ozzardi（asymptomatic)
②Mansonella perstans（asymptomatic)

32
Q

Tapelike and segmented helminths

A

Cestodes

33
Q

Leaflike and unsegmented helminths

A

Trematodes

34
Q

Elongated, cylindrical and unsegmented helminths

A

Nematodes

35
Q

Sexes not separate
, monoecious, hermaphrodite

A

Cestodes

36
Q

Sexes not separate
, monoecious, except for schistosoma

A

Trematodes

37
Q

Sexes separate
, diecious

A

Nematodes

38
Q

Head end has suckers, often with hooks.

A

Cestodes

39
Q

Head end has suckers, no hooks.

A

Trematodes

40
Q

Head end has no suckers, with no hooks, well developed

A

Nematodes

41
Q

No alimentary canal

A

Cestodes

42
Q

Incomplete alimentary canal with no anus

A

Trematodes

43
Q

Alimentary canal present

A

Nematodes

44
Q

No body cavity

A

Cestodes and Trematodes

45
Q

Body cavity present

A

Nematodes

46
Q

。。。do not multiply in man or host

A

Nematodes

PARASITOLOGY (4 decks)

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