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Inglés Básico para Ciencias Médicas > Introduction to Health Terminology > Flashcards

Introduction to Health Terminology Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the old and new meaning of the word health?

A
  • The old meaning of health was the state of being free from an illness or an injury.
  • The new meaning of health according to WHO (World Health Organization) is to be in a state of complete emotional, physical, and social well-being.
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2
Q

What is the difference between a sign and a symptom?

A
  • A sign is a piece of objective information backed up by evidence obtained by a short test performed by a doctor to confirm or dismiss a symptom.
  • A symptom is something the patient perceives is wrong with them and is a subjective piece of information that is not backed up by evidence. A doctor has to confirm if this true or not so he can diagnose and treat a patient.
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3
Q

What is the difference between mental state and psychological state?

A
  • A mental state refers to cognition state. For example, with Alzheimer’s disease, a person loses the ability to think and reason properly and make decisions, they also start forgetting things.
  • A psychological state is related to feelings and there’s not a pathological (physical) problem in your brain. For example, depression.
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4
Q

What are some disorders that may interrupt social well-being?

A
  • Autism
  • Social Anxiety
  • Panic attacks (related to generalized anxiety disorder).
  • Bipolar disorder
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5
Q

What are two common tests used to confirm signs of appendicitis?

A
  • McBurney Test: Checks for tenderness on the right, lower abdomen 1/3 of the way between the belly button and the iliac crest.
  • Rovsing Sign: Checks with palpations on the left side to see if the pain increases on the right side. If it does it means the Rovsing sign is positive.
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6
Q

What is the Giordano sign an indication of?

A

Urine infection. It is confirmed by doing a kidney percussion test on the lower back and if it hurts it means positive for the sign.

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7
Q

What does anatomy study?

A

The structures and parts of the human body (names, location).

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8
Q

What does physiology study?

A

The normal and right function of the human body.

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9
Q

What does physiopathology study?

A

The wrong functioning of the body and its structures.

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10
Q

What does dermatology study? Mention at least two diseases corresponding to the study area.

A

The skin.

Diseases: Dermatitis, psoriasis, urticaria.

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11
Q

What does parasitology study?

A

Studies parasites, their host, and the relationship between the two of them.

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12
Q

What does bacteriology study? Mention at least two diseases corresponding to the study area.

A

It studies bacteria and the different antibiotics used to treat the infections they cause.
Diseases: Botulism, bacterial meningitis, salmonella infection.

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13
Q

What does pharmacy study?

A

It studies pills, how they work, their doses, components, and action mechanisms for them to work properly.

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14
Q

What does nutrition study? Mention at least two diseases this study area can help manage.

A

It deals with nutrients and the process of providing or obtaining the food necessary for health and growth.
It can help treat people with diabetes, obesity, people that have nutrient deficiencies (for example, anemia caused by low iron levels in the blood), or people who are underweight and need to gain weight.

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15
Q

What does urology study? Mention at least two diseases corresponding to the study area.

A

Focuses on surgical and medical diseases of the male and female urinary-tract system and the male reproductive organs.

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16
Q

What does gynecology study? Mention at least two diseases corresponding to the study area.

A

Gynecology studies the reproductive system of women and their functions.
Disorders: Endometriosis, polycystic ovary syndrome.

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17
Q

What does obstetrics study?

A

Obstetrics deals with pregnancy and more specifically the moment of birth.

18
Q

What does pediatrics study?

A

They are the doctors for children, infants, and newborns.

19
Q

What does hematology study?

A

The human blood.

20
Q

What does oncology study? Mention at least two diseases corresponding to the study area.

A

Studies the different kinds of cancer.

21
Q

What is cancer?

A

Cellular mutations that make the cells reproduce, grow, or divide abnormally.

22
Q

What does neonatology study?

A

It is a subspecialty of pediatric medicine that treats newborn babies.

23
Q

What does neonate mean and what are their four classifications?

A 
A newborn baby from days 1 - 28.
Early neonates (days 1-7)
Middle neonates (days 8-14)
Premature neonates (days 15-21)
Mature neonates (days 22-28)
24
Q

What does immunology study? Mention at least two diseases corresponding to the study area.

A

The defenses of the immune system and the diseases that affect it.
Diseases: rheumatoid diseases (for example, lupus, Cushing’s disease).

25
Q

What does endocrinology study? Mention at least two diseases corresponding to the study area.

A

Hormonal diseases or imbalances.

Diseases: thyroid malfunction, diabetes.

26
Q

What does surgery study?

A

Surgery studies operations.

27
Q

What does forensic medicine study?

A

Studies the way a person died but in an area more related to crime.

28
Q

What does occupational medicine study?

A

The proper conditions for a person to work and health in the workplace.

29
Q

What does preventive medicine study?

A

It is what everyone should do to prevent health issues. For example, going for regular checkups with a doctor or awareness talks about a certain spreading disease such as AIDS.

30
Q

What does family medicine study? Mention at least two diseases corresponding to the study area.

A

Studies in detail the person and its surroundings.

31
Q

What does emergency medicine study?

A

It helps people who need immediate medical attention.

32
Q

What does cardiology study? Mention at least two diseases corresponding to the study area.

A

The proper functioning of the heart.

Diseases: Coronary disease, arrhythmias.

33
Q

What does pneumology study? Mention at least two diseases corresponding to the study area.

A

The lungs and respiratory tract.

Diseases: Pneumonia, tuberculosis.

34
Q

What does neurology study? Mention at least two diseases corresponding to the study area.

A

The brain and everything related to the central nervous system.
Diseases: Epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson’s disease, cerebrovascular diseases.

35
Q

What does nephrology study? Mention at least two diseases corresponding to the study area.

A

Urinary system and the kidneys specifically.

Diseases: Amyloidosis, electrolyte disorders, kidney failure, kidney stones.

36
Q

What does infectology study?

A

Studies infections and their causing agents such as viruses or bacteria.

37
Q

What does proctology study? Mention at least two diseases corresponding to the study area.

A

Studies the human anus and rectum.

Diseases: Chron’s disease, gallstones, hernias, hemorrhoids.

38
Q

What does radiology study? Name at least two examples.

A

Imaging of the body. It is a doctor specialized in interpreting the images.
Examples: An MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging), X-Rays, CT scans (TAC).

39
Q

What does rheumatology study?

A

Immune rheumatoid diseases such as lupus.

40
Q

What does ophthalmology study? Mention at least two diseases corresponding to the study area.

A

Branch of medicine and surgery which deals with the diagnosis and treatment of eye disorders.
Diseases: Cataracts, glaucoma, blurred vision.

41
Q

What does optometry study? Mention at least two diseases corresponding to the study area.

A

Examining the eyes and applicable visual systems for defects or abnormalities as well as the correction of refractive error (myopia, astigmatism, hypermetropia, etc.) with glasses or contact lenses and treatment of eye diseases. (Important: they don’t have a surgical degree).

42
Q

What does gastroenterology study? Mention at least two diseases corresponding to the study area.

A

The digestive system, from mouth to large intestine.

Diseases: ulcers, colitis, gallbladder and biliary tract disease, and irritable bowel syndrome.

Inglés Básico para Ciencias Médicas (1 decks)

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