Introduction to Health Science Exam 2 Flashcards
Hill-Burton Act
U.S. Federal Law passed in 1946, Provided construction grants and loans to communities that could demonstrate viability.
Health Promotion
(Broader Intervention Term)
Public Health, that encompasses not only educational objectives and activities but also organizational, environmental, and economic interventions to support activities conducive to behavior.
Deductible
The amount you pay for covered health care services before your insurance plan starts to pay.
Copayments
A fixed amount ($20) you pay for a covered Health Care Service after you pay your deductible.
What are the 3 types of Cost Sharing
- Deductible
- Copayment
- Coinsurance
WHO Definition of Health
“State of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.”
Social Justice
“The Good Society”
Theory is at odds with capitalism and market justice
The equitable distribution of health care is society responsibility
Acute Illness
Severe symptoms of relatively short duration
Symptoms appear quickly and subside quickly
Some serious some not
Most return to normal
Ex: Common Cold
Mental Health Parity Act
Passed in 1946 to ensure there was adequate coverage for mental health illness and that annual lifetime reimbursement limits on mental health services were similar to other medical benefits
Epidemiology
Identify 3 major risk factor categories for disease.
The branch of medicine which deals with the incidence, distribution, and possible control of diseases and other factors to health.
The 4 Interprofessional Collaborative Practice Competency
1) Values and Ethics
2) Roles and Responsibilities
3) Interprofessional Communication
4) Teams and Teamwork
Values and Ethics for Interprofessional Practice
Ensuring that care from any health professional is patient centered and always thinking of the community that they are working in.
This is also referred to as “professionalism”
Virtues in Common
Professionals working together to achieve optimal health and wellness for individual communities.
Common Ethical Principles
Health and Health Care is a right. Cooperations with distribution of resources, providing comprehensive care, improving care, openness in care delivery, communication with patients and other health professionals that may be involved in care delivery.
Values being established through relationships among professions
Joint relationships with patients, the quality of cross-delivering health care and in formulating public health policies, programs, and services.
Roles and Responsibilities
Understanding other professional roles and responsibilities and how they compliment each other.
Interprofessional Communication
Health Literacy
Printed Information
The way we speak
Technology used to disseminate information
Measuring Health Status
1) General (qualitative data, quantitative data)
2) Health Related Quality of life and well being
3) Detriments of Health (what makes people healthy or unhealthy)
4) Disparities (Difference in health status with population, race, ethnicity, genders, sexual identity, age disability, socio-economic status, and geographic location).
Disparities
Difference in health status with population, race, ethnicity, genders, sexual identity, age disability, socio-economic status, and geographic location
Voluntary Commitment
Occurs when people commit themselves willingly to receive care.
Involuntary Commitment
Occurs when people are being forced to receive treatment or care committed to a facility against their will.
Stigma
The negative or discriminatory attitudes that others have about mental illness.
Shame the people have about their mental health issues.
Mental Health Disorders
Conditions that alter the thinking process, moods, or behaviors that result in dysfunction or stress
- Phobias
- Substance Abuse
- Affective Disorders
- Schizophrenia
- OCD
Outpatient Care
Also called ambulatory care, is anything that doesn’t require hospitalization. An annual exam with your primary care physician and a consultation with your neurologist are both examples of this.
Inpatient Care
In Medical Treatment administered to a patient whose condition requires treatment in a hospital or other care facility.
Outpatient Care Settings
Healthcare consolation, procedure, treatment, or other service that’s administers without an overnight stat.
Ex: Clinics (community, urgent care, pharmacies, and emergency department
Private, Hospital Freestanding Mobile, Telephone Triage, Home, Hospice, and Long Term Care
3 Levels of Communication
Intrapersonal ( conscious internal dialogue, can be negative or positive)
Interpersonal ( between two or more people) face to face
Group
Nurses
May also help in psychiatric care. There may be additional counselors and therapists who participate in the treatment of the mentally disabled.
Psychiatrist
Are speciality physicians who cam prescribe mediation and admit patients to hospitals
Psychologists
Also, participate in the treatment of mental health, can’t prescribe drugs but provide different types of therapies.
Social Workers
Focus on mental health counseling
Manage Care Organizations
Independent Physician or Practice Association
Integrated Delivery Organizations
Physician Care Practice Management Companies
Group Purchasing Organizations
Accountable Care
Integrated Delivery Stat
Physician- Hospital
Health Literacy
1) Cultural and conceptual knowledge
2) Oral literacy (speaking and listening)
3) Print literacy (writing and recording)
4) Numeracy
Chronic Illness
Lasts for about 6 months or longer Often a duration of a persons life May have remissions Exacerbations when symptoms reappear Ex: Diabetes, Autoimmune, and Alzheimers
Globalization
Increasing transitional circulation of goods, money, people, ideas, and information worldwide
Defining Characteristics of the U.S. Population
1) American Families and Living Arrangements
2) Minority Population Groups ( Asian, Black, and Hispanic)
3) Educational
4) Fertility of American Women
5) Foreign - Born Population
6) Geographic Mobility
7) Older Population
8) School Enrollment
9) Voting Rights
Primary Care Providers
Often detect mental health issues and refer patients to specialists
Medicaid
Coverage of the poor
States are in charge of running this program and receive matching funds federally
Eligibly and benefits vary from state to state
Medicare
Covers people 65+
Medicare Part A
Hospital Coverage
Medicare Part B
Primary Care physician coverage
Medicare Part C
(1997) Supplemental Coverage Options
Medicare Part D
(2003) Prescription Drug Benefit
Almshouses
(Poorhouses)
A place for the destitute elements of society were confined
Dispensaries
Outpatient clinics that provided free care
Asylums
Inpatient psychiatric facilities
Pesthouses
Designed to contain people who have contagious diseases
Tertiary
Rehabilitation
Highly specialized medicare usually over an extended period of time.
Primary Prevention
Decreases possibility of illness or injury
Most cost effective
Programs
Secondary Prevention
Early Intervention
Identify or detect disease
Ex: Regular exams and screening tests to detect diseases in its earliest stages
Mammograms
Health Literacy
Degree in which a person has the capacity to obtain, process, and understand the basic health information needed to make the best decisions
Long-term Care
A variety of individualized, well-coordinated services that promote the max possible independence for people with functional limitations and are provided over an extended period of time.
Public Health (IOM)
The mission of public health are “fulfilling society interest in assuring conditions in which people can be healthy.”
Core Functions of Local Health Departments
1) Monitor health status to identify and solve community Health Problems
2) Diagnose and investigate health problems and health hazards in the community
3) Inform, educate, and empower people about health issues
4) Mobilize community partnerships and action to identify and solve health problems
5) Develop policies and plans to support individuals and community health efforts
6) Enforces law and regulations that project health and ensure safety
Health Education
Focuses on changing health behavior through educational interventions such as multimedia education and classes
Subsystems of U.S. Health Care Delivery
Managed Care Military Vulnerable Populations Integrated Delivery Long-term Care Public Health
Cost-sharing Type 3:
Coinsurance
The percentage of costs of a covered Health Care service you pay after the deductible payment
Market Justice
“The Economic Good”
Forces free economy can be best achieve a fair distribution of health care.
Medical services is distributed on the basis of people’s willingness and ability to pay
Human Dimensions of Health
Views the entire person as greater than the sum of it’s parts intellectual (cognitive ability) physical, emotional, sociocultural, and Environmental
Spiritual - your beliefs
The Communication Process
Act of sending, receiving, interoperating, and reacting
Communication Process Sender
Convey a message (Encoding)
Message - verbal or nonverbal information that sender communicates
Communication Process Channel
Medium uses to convey message
Communication Process Receiver
Decoder, listener
Communication Process Feedback
Response to message that receiver returns to the sender (verbal/nonverbal) re-word message
Modes of Communication
Verbal communication (conscious or verbal)
Non-verbal
Electronic- fast, recordable, and accessible
Intrapersonal non-verbal 6 key Emotions
Long-Term Care Facilities
1) Retirement
2) Personal
3) Assisted Living
4) Skilled nursing
5) Subacute Care
6) Specialized
Epidemiology Triangle
Consists of the host, which is the population that has the disease, agent of the organism, which is causing the disease and the environment, or where the disease is occurring.
Environment
Time
Host Agent
