Introduction to health promotion

Question 1

What is health promotion?

Answer 1

the process of enabling people to increase control over, and to improve, their health

Question 2

What are upstream determinants of public health?

Answer 2

those that are largely outside of the control of the individual and which have significant trickle down effects

Question 3

What are downstream determinants of public health?

Answer 3

those that are more in the control of the individual but are usually as a result of upstream effects

Question 4

How does the public health impact pyramid work?

Answer 4

as you go higher up the pyramid, the impact of the factors get smaller

Question 5

What are the five tiers of the public health impact pyramid?

Answer 5

Counselling and education
Clinical interventions
Long lasting protective interventions 
Changing the context (laws and taxes)
Socioeconomic factors

Question 6

What are the three main current health challenges?

Answer 6

smoking
obesity
alcohol

Question 7

What are top-down authorities?

Answer 7

priorities set by those with power/resources to make decisions and impose ideas of what should be done

Question 8

What are bottom-up authorities?

Answer 8

priorities set by the people themselves, identifying issues they perceive as relevant

Question 9

What are the five approaches to health promotion?

Answer 9

medical/preventive 
behaviour change 
educational 
empowerment 
social change

Question 10

What is an example of the medical/preventive approach?

Answer 10

immunisation

Question 11

What is an example of the behaviour change approach?

Answer 11

campaigns for healthier choices

Question 12

What is an example of the empowerment approach?

Answer 12

counselling

Question 13

What is an example of the social change approach?

Answer 13

changes to policy and legislation

Question 14

What is an example of the educational approach?

Answer 14

provision of leaflets