Introduction to Health and Wellness Flashcards
A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely an absence of disease or infirmity
Health
Varies with changes in interactions between an individual and the internal and external environments
Dynamic Continuum
One end of the healthy spectrum
Wellness
The overall structure of the body and its systems are functioning accordingly
Biologic Health
The individual’s mood, emotions, and personality are positively balanced
Psychological Health
The individual’s religious needs are being met ( if they are not a spiritual person, then this has been met by not existing)
Spiritual Health
The individual has a positive and well-balanced interaction between his or herself and the social environment. Good peer support. Able to interact well with others
Sociological Health
Physical, Mental, Social
Optimum Health
Biological
Physical
Psychological
Mental
Spiritual and Sociological
Social
Sickness or deviation from a healthy state… The perception and response of the person to not being well
Illness
A biological of psychological alteration that results in a malfunction of a body organ or system. It can be objectively documented through tests and measures
Disease
The science and art of helping people change their lifestyle and move toward a state of optimal health
Health Promotion
Culture, Religion, Health beliefs and practices, previous health experiences, support systems, environment and lifestyles, geographic location, standard of living
Some Variable that Influence Perception of Health and Illness
Adopting healthy behaviors such as eating nutritious foods, being physically active, and avoiding tobacco can prevent or control the devastating effects of many diseases
Position Statement of CDC (Center for Disease Control and Prevention)
Leading cause of death in 1900?
Infectious Disease
Leading causes of death in 2000?
Obesity, Alcoholism, Sedentary Lifestyle, and Tobacco Use
Who quoted, “First and foremost wellness is a choice to assume responsibility for the quality of your life. It begins with a conscious decision to shape a healthy lifestyle”
Dr. Donald Ardell, PhD.
What are three lifestyle changes to promote “Optimum Health”?
- Enhance self-awareness and knowledge of healthy habits.
- Change behaviors that interfere with good health.
- Create environments that support good health practices.
The tendency of an organism or a cell to regulate its internal conditions, usually by a system of feedback controls, so as to stabilize health and functioning, regardless of the outside changing conditions.
Begins on a cellular level by receiving vital nutrition from the environment, then progresses to maintain overall equilibrium though all systems.
Can be a “domino” effect once one system gets out of whack, or once all function properly
Homeostasis
The branch of medicine that investigates the essential nature of disease, especially changes in body tissues and organs that cause or are caused by disease; also considered synonymous to the term disease
Pathology
The development of unhealthy conditions or disease, or more specifically, the cellular events and reactions and other pathological mechanisms that occur in the development of disease
Pathogenesis
When more than one disease/pathology is existing in the body at the same time.
Will be noted in the patient history section of the initial evaluation.
Gives very useful information as to what to expect as an outcome from a patient
Co-morbidity
As a PTA, you must understand a patient’s co-morbidities to be able to treat them appropriately
Beginning stages of a disease/illness. Sudden onset, and with appropriate intervention, hopefully short in duration
Acute
When the acute stage does not resolve in a short time period it transitions to this.
Subacute
Permanent impairment or disability, residual physical or cognitive disability, or the need for special rehabilitation or long term medical care
Chronic
Can have __________ (flare ups) of a chronic condition. Ex: chronic low back pain
Acute Exacerbations
The identification of a specific disease/pathology through evaluation of signs and symptoms from lab tests and other objective tools
Diagnosis
What conditions caused the disease
Etiology
Unknown/unidentified cause
Idiopathic Etiology
Caused by a faulty procedure administered by a medical professional
Iatrogenic Etiology
Conditions within the individual’s health status that promote disease
Predisposing Factors
Specific event(s) that trigger the disease onset (shoveling snow = heart attack)
Precipitating Factors
Objective indicators found from data collection (Ex: Numbers from blood work, MMT, AROM, lab values, etc.)
Signs
The patient’s subjective reports - what the patient says to you when you ask how their feeling
Symptoms
The combination of a patients signs and symptoms. How the patient visibly presents overall
Clinical Manifestations
A combination of recognizable signs and symptoms that are typically seen together in a predictable pattern to identify a condition
Syndrome
Unwanted residual effects after disease onset
Sequelae
Describes the expected outcome from the disease. Probability of recovery or not?
Prognosis
An ending to the presence of clinical manifestations
Remission
A recurrence of clinical manifestations
Exacerbation
Secondary problems that develop in response to the initial stimuli/disease process
Complications
The number of reported new cases for a particular disease in a given amount of time
Incidence
The total number of existing cases for a particular disease in a given amount of time
Prevalence
Usually synonymous with incidence
Morbidity Rate
The number of deaths from a particular disease in a population
Mortality Rate
The Guide to Physical Therapy Practice outlines specific disablement models. These outline the basic PT categories which affect a patient’s health. The Nagi Model is what we will study:
- Disease/Pathology
- Impairments
- Functional Limitations
- Disabilities
Describes the underlying pathogenesis and abnormal cellular and physiologic processes. Characterized by a cluster of signs and symptoms and recognized by the MD and patient as being abnormal (Ex: Osteoarthritis)
Disease/Pathology
A loss of abnormality at the tissue, visceral, and/or body system level. Consequences of the disease. What is physically of biomechanically wrong with the patient (decreased ROM, decreased strength, etc.) Objectively measurable data
Impairment
Restrict that person’s performance of specific actions. The inability to perform physical actions, tasks or activities in a efficient or expected manner. This is due to the listed impairments (Ex: inability to reach in cabinets, inability to climb stairs)
Functional Limitations
Limitation of physical or mental function in a social context. The inability to perform actions, tasks, and activities related to required self-care, home management, work duties, or community and social roles (inability to work, inability to feed self, etc.)
Disability
Physical Therapy Interventions are considered what?
Restorative Therapy
Wellness clinics provide what?
Usually provided via exercise physiologists, personal trainers, nutritionist, athletic trainers, etc. (think health clubs)
Wellness Therapy, Prevention Therapy, and Maintenance Therapy
“Your patient’s perception of his/her wellness can directly affect physical therapy outcomes”
Pitchford Synopsis
What is the PTA’s role in promoting health and wellness?
- Identifying a patient’s risk factors
- Developing health promotion strategies
- Being proactive though patient education
- Practice what you preach!!!
APTA defines it as, “Prevention of disease in a susceptible population or potentially susceptible population through specific measures such as general health promotion efforts.”
Book definition, “Removing or reducing disease risk factors”
Primary Prevention
-Health fair screening, etc. Attempt to prevent the onset BEFORE any symptoms appear. promoting awareness of risk factors
APTA defines it as, “Efforts to decrease duration of illness, severity of disease, and sequelae through early diagnosis and prompt intervention.”
Book definition, “Early detection of disease and employ preventative measures to avoid further complications”
Secondary Prevention
- Primary Prevention
- Secondary Prevention
- Tertiary Prevention
Proactive Healthcare
APTA defines as, “Efforts to decrease the degree of disability and promote rehabilitation and restoration of function in patients with chronic and irreversible conditions.”
Book defines as, “Aimed at limiting the impact of established disease… the goal is to return the person to the highest possible level of functioning and to prevent severe disabilities.”
Tertiary Prevention
What are more roles for PTA’s in promoting health and wellness?
Understanding how to optimize a patient’s health and wellness allows the PT/PTA to customize interventions that will:
- Enhance function
- Improve overall fitness
- Address comorbidites and prevent additional onsets
“The doctor of the future will give no medicine, but will interest his patient in the care of the human frame, in diet, and in the cause and prevention of disease”
Thomas Edison
