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PTA 160 (Med Surg) > Introduction to Health and Wellness > Flashcards

Introduction to Health and Wellness Flashcards

1
Q

A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely an absence of disease or infirmity

A

Health

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2
Q

Varies with changes in interactions between an individual and the internal and external environments

A

Dynamic Continuum

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3
Q

One end of the healthy spectrum

A

Wellness

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4
Q

The overall structure of the body and its systems are functioning accordingly

A

Biologic Health

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5
Q

The individual’s mood, emotions, and personality are positively balanced

A

Psychological Health

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6
Q

The individual’s religious needs are being met ( if they are not a spiritual person, then this has been met by not existing)

A

Spiritual Health

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7
Q

The individual has a positive and well-balanced interaction between his or herself and the social environment. Good peer support. Able to interact well with others

A

Sociological Health

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8
Q

Physical, Mental, Social

A

Optimum Health

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9
Q

Biological

A

Physical

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10
Q

Psychological

A

Mental

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11
Q

Spiritual and Sociological

A

Social

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12
Q

Sickness or deviation from a healthy state… The perception and response of the person to not being well

A

Illness

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13
Q

A biological of psychological alteration that results in a malfunction of a body organ or system. It can be objectively documented through tests and measures

A

Disease

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14
Q

The science and art of helping people change their lifestyle and move toward a state of optimal health

A

Health Promotion

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15
Q

Culture, Religion, Health beliefs and practices, previous health experiences, support systems, environment and lifestyles, geographic location, standard of living

A

Some Variable that Influence Perception of Health and Illness

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16
Q

Adopting healthy behaviors such as eating nutritious foods, being physically active, and avoiding tobacco can prevent or control the devastating effects of many diseases

A

Position Statement of CDC (Center for Disease Control and Prevention)

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17
Q

Leading cause of death in 1900?

A

Infectious Disease

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18
Q

Leading causes of death in 2000?

A

Obesity, Alcoholism, Sedentary Lifestyle, and Tobacco Use

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19
Q

Who quoted, “First and foremost wellness is a choice to assume responsibility for the quality of your life. It begins with a conscious decision to shape a healthy lifestyle”

A

Dr. Donald Ardell, PhD.

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20
Q

What are three lifestyle changes to promote “Optimum Health”?

A
  1. Enhance self-awareness and knowledge of healthy habits.
  2. Change behaviors that interfere with good health.
  3. Create environments that support good health practices.
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21
Q

The tendency of an organism or a cell to regulate its internal conditions, usually by a system of feedback controls, so as to stabilize health and functioning, regardless of the outside changing conditions.
Begins on a cellular level by receiving vital nutrition from the environment, then progresses to maintain overall equilibrium though all systems.
Can be a “domino” effect once one system gets out of whack, or once all function properly

A

Homeostasis

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22
Q

The branch of medicine that investigates the essential nature of disease, especially changes in body tissues and organs that cause or are caused by disease; also considered synonymous to the term disease

A

Pathology

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23
Q

The development of unhealthy conditions or disease, or more specifically, the cellular events and reactions and other pathological mechanisms that occur in the development of disease

A

Pathogenesis

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24
Q

When more than one disease/pathology is existing in the body at the same time.
Will be noted in the patient history section of the initial evaluation.
Gives very useful information as to what to expect as an outcome from a patient

A

Co-morbidity

As a PTA, you must understand a patient’s co-morbidities to be able to treat them appropriately

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25
Q

Beginning stages of a disease/illness. Sudden onset, and with appropriate intervention, hopefully short in duration

A

Acute

26
Q

When the acute stage does not resolve in a short time period it transitions to this.

A

Subacute

27
Q

Permanent impairment or disability, residual physical or cognitive disability, or the need for special rehabilitation or long term medical care

A

Chronic

28
Q

Can have __________ (flare ups) of a chronic condition. Ex: chronic low back pain

A

Acute Exacerbations

29
Q

The identification of a specific disease/pathology through evaluation of signs and symptoms from lab tests and other objective tools

A

Diagnosis

30
Q

What conditions caused the disease

A

Etiology

31
Q

Unknown/unidentified cause

A

Idiopathic Etiology

32
Q

Caused by a faulty procedure administered by a medical professional

A

Iatrogenic Etiology

33
Q

Conditions within the individual’s health status that promote disease

A

Predisposing Factors

34
Q

Specific event(s) that trigger the disease onset (shoveling snow = heart attack)

A

Precipitating Factors

35
Q

Objective indicators found from data collection (Ex: Numbers from blood work, MMT, AROM, lab values, etc.)

A

Signs

36
Q

The patient’s subjective reports - what the patient says to you when you ask how their feeling

A

Symptoms

37
Q

The combination of a patients signs and symptoms. How the patient visibly presents overall

A

Clinical Manifestations

38
Q

A combination of recognizable signs and symptoms that are typically seen together in a predictable pattern to identify a condition

A

Syndrome

39
Q

Unwanted residual effects after disease onset

A

Sequelae

40
Q

Describes the expected outcome from the disease. Probability of recovery or not?

A

Prognosis

41
Q

An ending to the presence of clinical manifestations

A

Remission

42
Q

A recurrence of clinical manifestations

A

Exacerbation

43
Q

Secondary problems that develop in response to the initial stimuli/disease process

A

Complications

44
Q

The number of reported new cases for a particular disease in a given amount of time

A

Incidence

45
Q

The total number of existing cases for a particular disease in a given amount of time

A

Prevalence

46
Q

Usually synonymous with incidence

A

Morbidity Rate

47
Q

The number of deaths from a particular disease in a population

A

Mortality Rate

48
Q

The Guide to Physical Therapy Practice outlines specific disablement models. These outline the basic PT categories which affect a patient’s health. The Nagi Model is what we will study:

A
  1. Disease/Pathology
  2. Impairments
  3. Functional Limitations
  4. Disabilities
49
Q

Describes the underlying pathogenesis and abnormal cellular and physiologic processes. Characterized by a cluster of signs and symptoms and recognized by the MD and patient as being abnormal (Ex: Osteoarthritis)

A

Disease/Pathology

50
Q

A loss of abnormality at the tissue, visceral, and/or body system level. Consequences of the disease. What is physically of biomechanically wrong with the patient (decreased ROM, decreased strength, etc.) Objectively measurable data

A

Impairment

51
Q

Restrict that person’s performance of specific actions. The inability to perform physical actions, tasks or activities in a efficient or expected manner. This is due to the listed impairments (Ex: inability to reach in cabinets, inability to climb stairs)

A

Functional Limitations

52
Q

Limitation of physical or mental function in a social context. The inability to perform actions, tasks, and activities related to required self-care, home management, work duties, or community and social roles (inability to work, inability to feed self, etc.)

A

Disability

53
Q

Physical Therapy Interventions are considered what?

A

Restorative Therapy

54
Q

Wellness clinics provide what?
Usually provided via exercise physiologists, personal trainers, nutritionist, athletic trainers, etc. (think health clubs)

A

Wellness Therapy, Prevention Therapy, and Maintenance Therapy

55
Q

“Your patient’s perception of his/her wellness can directly affect physical therapy outcomes”

A

Pitchford Synopsis

56
Q

What is the PTA’s role in promoting health and wellness?

A
  1. Identifying a patient’s risk factors
  2. Developing health promotion strategies
  3. Being proactive though patient education
  4. Practice what you preach!!!
57
Q

APTA defines it as, “Prevention of disease in a susceptible population or potentially susceptible population through specific measures such as general health promotion efforts.”
Book definition, “Removing or reducing disease risk factors”

A

Primary Prevention
-Health fair screening, etc. Attempt to prevent the onset BEFORE any symptoms appear. promoting awareness of risk factors

58
Q

APTA defines it as, “Efforts to decrease duration of illness, severity of disease, and sequelae through early diagnosis and prompt intervention.”
Book definition, “Early detection of disease and employ preventative measures to avoid further complications”

A

Secondary Prevention

59
Q
  1. Primary Prevention
  2. Secondary Prevention
  3. Tertiary Prevention
A

Proactive Healthcare

60
Q

APTA defines as, “Efforts to decrease the degree of disability and promote rehabilitation and restoration of function in patients with chronic and irreversible conditions.”
Book defines as, “Aimed at limiting the impact of established disease… the goal is to return the person to the highest possible level of functioning and to prevent severe disabilities.”

A

Tertiary Prevention

61
Q

What are more roles for PTA’s in promoting health and wellness?

A

Understanding how to optimize a patient’s health and wellness allows the PT/PTA to customize interventions that will:

  1. Enhance function
  2. Improve overall fitness
  3. Address comorbidites and prevent additional onsets
62
Q

“The doctor of the future will give no medicine, but will interest his patient in the care of the human frame, in diet, and in the cause and prevention of disease”

A

Thomas Edison

PTA 160 (Med Surg) (1 decks)

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