Introduction To Haircutting Flashcards
What is shape?
Consists of height and width only
What are common shapes in haircutting?
Triangle, square, and round
What is form?
Form is a 3-dimensional representation of a shape.
How is form created?
Through height, width, and depth
What are the 2 principles of hair design?
Shape and form
What are the 3 dimensions of haircutting?
- Height
- Width
- Depth
What is height?
The vertical extent. It’s measurement up and down.
What is width?
The horizontal extent . The measurement from side to side.
What is depth?
A dimension taken through an object.
How is depth measured?
Measured by holding the hair directly out from the head.
What are the 3 lines used in haircutting?
Horizontal, vertical, and diagonal
What are horizontal lines parallel to?
The horizon
Horizontal lines direct the eye from what?
Side to side
What do horizontal lines do?
To build weight and used to create one-lengths and low-elevation haircuts
What are horizontal lines related to?
The width of the hair
What is vertical?
Up and down and perpendicular to the floor
What do vertical lines do?
Remove weight to create graduated or layered haircuts.
What are vertical lines often used with?
Higher elevations
What are vertical lines related to?
The length of the hair
What are diagonal lines?
Between horizontal and vertical
What direction is diagonal lines?
Slanting or sloping
What direction is diagonal lines?
Slanting or sloping
What are diagonal lines used for?
Create fullness in a haircut and to blend long layers
What does elevation mean?
The angle or degree in which the hair is held or elevated from the head when cutting
What is elevation also referred as?
Projection or lifting the hair
What movement is elevation?
Vertical movement of the hair up or down
What does elevation create ?
One length graduation and layers
What is elevation described in?
Degrees
How is elevation controlled?
By the upper body
Blunt/1length=
0 degree elevation.
All the hair comes to a single hanging level, forming a weight line.
Blunt/1length=
0 degree elevation.
All the hair comes to a single hanging level, forming a weight line.
Graduation=
1-89 degrees.
A visual build-up of weight in a given area against the head
Layers=
Over 90 degrees.
Creates movement and volume in the hair by releasing weight
Define overdirection
Occurs when hair is combed away from its natural falling position toward a guideline
What is the direct result of overdirection?
Shape
How is shape identified?
By the visual characteristics of the haircut
What is a round cut?
Hair is shorter in the front and longer towards the back
How is a round cut created?
Through overdirection of hair forward to maintain length through the back.
What is a square cut?
A strong linear shape with equal movement forward and backward
How is a square cut created?
Overdirection forward and backwards maintains length at the 4 corners of the head
What is a triangle shaped cut?
An increase of length towards the face
How is the triangle shaped cut created?
Overdirection backward maintains length towards the face
What is overdirection used for?
To create length within a haircut
What directions can overdirection be used in?
Forward or backward across the head
What kind of movement is overdirection?
Horizontal movement within the hair
What does overdirection create?
Shape
What is overdirection controlled by?
The lower body
What is a segment?
One of the 4 parts when the hair is divided into a T-part
What’s a panel?
A smaller working area within a segment
What’s a section?
The hair actually held with the fingers as you cut
What’s a subsection?
A smaller working area within the section
What is natural fall?
How the hair falls naturally from the head
What is a profile part?
Line from frontal to nape.
Vertical line that separates the head from left to right
What is a division line?
Separates the front segments of the hair from the back segments of the hair
What is a division line also known as?
Radial parting
What are partings?
Lines that subdivide sections of the hair in order to separate, distribute and control the hair while cutting
Define apex
The highest point on the top of the head. Determines the distribution of the hair
Define crown
Between the apex and the parietal ridge.
Often the site of cowlicks and whorls and demands special attention
Define occipital area
The bone that protrudes at the base of the crown
Define parietal ridge
The widest area of the head extending from the frontal area and below the crown
Define parietal ridge
The widest area of the head extending from the frontal area and below the crown
What 3 areas is the parietal ridge broken down into?
Low, mid and high occipital
Define nape
The concave area found just under the low occipital area. Represents the end of the hairline
Define mastoid process
Small bone located just behind the ear into the hairline
Define frontal
Area best suited for fringe
Define temporal
Begins at the front hairline and ends above the tip of the ear
Define recession
Where hair recedes along the front hairline
Define planes of the head
Determined by the bone structure of the skull.
Horizontal, diagonal and vertical planes found on the head
What are the 10 reference points of the head?
- Apex
- Crown
- Occipital Area
- Parietal Ridge
- Nape
- Mastoid process
- Frontal
- Temporal
- Recession
- Planes of the head
What are the 5 steps to the progression of a shape? (Haircut)
- Cut the basic shape
- Refinement
- Crosscheck
- Personalize
- Blow dry
What are the 3 steps of how to crosscheck?
- Opposite partings
- Same elevation
- Same overdirection
What are the 6 parts of scissors
- Tang or finger brace
- Finger grip
- Thumb grip
- Pivot screw
- Moving blade
- Still blade
What are the 6 parts of scissors
- Tang or finger brace
- Finger grip
- Thumb grip
- Pivot screw
- Moving blade
- Still blade
What are they 3 steps to scissor safety
- Always palm shears when combing or parting the hair
- Do not cut past your second knuckle
- Take extra care when cutting around the ears
What are the 4 hand positions?
- Palm down
- Palm up
- Palm to palm
- Overhand
What is the position of palm down?
Palm is positioned down when cutting- used for cutting solid shapes such as fringe
What is the position of palm up?
Palm is positioned up when cutting- commonly used when cutting diagonal lines
What is the position of palm to palm?
Palm of the cutting hand faces the palm of the cutting hand.
Used when cutting below the mid-occipital
What is the position of overhand?
When lifting hair over the head or when creating layers cut over the fingers
Define tension
The amount of pressure applied when combing and holding a section, created by stretching or pulling the subsection
Tension ranges from…..
Medium to maximum
What is tension controlled by?
The fingers
Why is consistent tension important?
For constant and even results in a haircut
What does no tension mean?
One length using loose teeth of comb
Palm up or palm down
What does medium tension mean?
Graduation/cutting inside the fingers
Palm to palm
What is maximum tension?
Layers/cutting over the fingers with tight teeth of comb.
Overhand
What are the 2 cutting guides
Stationary and traveling guideline
What’s a stationary guideline?
Does not move. All other sections are combed to the stationary guideline and cut at the same angle and length.
When are stationary guidelines used?
Used in one-lengths or if using overdirection to create a length or weight increase within the hair.
What is a traveling guideline?
Moveable guideline that moves as the haircut progresses.
When is a traveling guide used?
Used to create layers and graduation
What is the shape of a square one length?
Square
What is the overdirection of a square one length cut?
Forward/backward (4 corners)
What is the cutting guide used for a square one length cut?
Stationary
What line is used when creating a square one length cut?
Horizontal
What line is used when creating a square one length cut?
Horizontal
Where should your lower body be during a square one length cut?
in front of the section to be cut
What amount of tension is needed during a square one length cut?
None or loose teeth side of comb
What hand position is used during a square one length cut?
Palm up/palm down
What technique is used when creating a square one length cut?
One length
What elevation is used for a square one length cut?
0 Degrees
Where should your upper body be during a square one length cut?
Arms square
Where should your upper body be during a square one length cut?
Arms square
What shape is used when creating a square layer cut?
Square
What overdirection is used during a square layer cut?
Forward/back
What cutting guide is used when creating a square layer cut?
Traveling
What line is used during a square layer cut?
Vertical/ horizontal
Where is your lower body during a square layer cut?
In front of section to be cut
How much tension is used during a square layer cut?
Maximum
What technique is used during a square layer cut?
Layer
What hand position is used during a square layer cut?
Overhand
How much elevation is needed for a square layer cut?
90 degrees
Where is your upper body during a square layer cut?
Arms square
What shape is needed for a round one length cut?
Round
What overdirection is used fora round one length cut?
None. Slightly backward at front of hairline
What cutting guide is used for a round one length cut?
Stationary
What lines are used for a round one length cut?
Horizontal diagonal back
Where is your lower body during a round one length cut?
In front of the section to be cut
How much tension is needed for a round one length cut?
None
What hand position is used for a round one length cut?
Palm down/palm up
How much elevation is needed for a round one length cut?
0 degrees
Where is your upper body during a round one length cut?
Arms round
What shape is used for a round layer?
Round
What overdirection is used for a round layer cut?
Forward to the previous
What cutting guide is used for a round layer cut?
Traveling
What lines are used for a round layer cut?
Vertical diagonal forward/vertical diagonal back
How is your lower body for a round layer cut?
Round
How much tension is used for a round layer cut?
Maximum
What technique is used for a round layer cut?
Layer
What hand position is used for a round layer cut?
Overhand
How much elevation is used for a round layer cut?
90 degrees
How should your upper body be during a round layer cut?
Arms round
What is the shape of a triangle one length cut?
Triangle
What overdirection is used for a triangle one length cut?
None. Slightly backward at front of hairline
What cutting guide is used for a triangle one length cut?
Stationary
What lines are needed for a triangle one length cut?
Horizontal diagonal forward
