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z Global Politics > Introduction to Global Politics > Flashcards

Introduction to Global Politics Flashcards

1
Q

Political science

A

The study of systems of governance and the distribution of power within societies. Political scientists analyse the activities of political parties and interest groups, political ideologies, how people behave when participating in politics, and the impact of constitutions and laws.

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2
Q

Power

A

The ability to alter the behavior of others to et what you want

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3
Q

Hard power

A

Use of coercion and incentives to change behavior
Tangible and quantifiable
(feel/measure)

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4
Q

Soft power

A

Use of persuasion and attraction to change behavior
Intangible and non - quantifiable
(can’t see or feel it influence you)

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5
Q

Authority

A

The socially approved use of power by one person or group over another.

Legitimate use of power

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6
Q

Types of power

A

Military
Political
Economic
Cultural
Psychological

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7
Q

Sovereignty

A

The exclusive authority to exercise power within a defined territory

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8
Q

State

A

An entity with sovereignty over a defined territory and is independent of external control.

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9
Q

4 characteristics of a state

A

Defined territory
Permanent population
Government
Capacity to enter into agreements with other states (external)

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10
Q

Primary actors

A

International law only applies to states, not individuals or organizations
Only states can be part of international institutions (eg UN)
Individuals can only interact with the international system through the state

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11
Q

Mutual recognition of sovereignty

A

Intervention in a state’s internal affairs is frowned upon
States recognize each other as sovereign with own borders

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12
Q

International law

A

based on voluntary agreements between states

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13
Q

Treaty

A

A formal written agreement between two or more states

Sets out commitments and expectations

Legally binding

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14
Q

Bilateral treaties

A

made between two states

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15
Q

Multilateral treaties

A

made between three or more states

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16
Q

Process for creating a treaty

A

1) Negotiate terms
2) Sign to show they accept and agree to the terms
3) Ratify by passing a domestic law
4) Treaty comes into force

17
Q

Why do states sign treaties?

A

Gain from cooperation - mutually beneficial
Clarify relationship between states
Address global or regional problems
Set expected behaviors and rules

18
Q

Political Actor

A

An individual, group or institution that has some measure of political power and/or authority, allowing it to engage in activities that can have a significant influence on political decisions, policies and outcomes in a society

19
Q

State actors

A

Political actors that represent or act on behalf of a legitimate government or state

20
Q

Non state actors

A

Political actors who aren’t affiliated with or directed by a state

No authority but can wield political influence

21
Q

Political parties

A

Organisations that represent a particular group of people or set of ideas within a state

22
Q

Political interest groups

A

Lobby groups, trade unions and activist groups
Seek to influence government decisions

23
Q

Media organizations

A

corporations or government entities which disseminate information to the public
Shape society and culture

24
Q

Intergovernmental organizations

A

Organizations of states created through formal treaties

25
Q

Non governmental organizations

A

Non profit organizations who address a social or political issue

Advocacy NGOs = defend or promote and seek to influence
Operational NGOs = design and implementation of developmental projects to improve living conditions

26
Q

Corporations

A

For profit enterprises with the production of goods/services or financial investments

global trade, supply chain, create jobs

27
Q

Armed groups

A

Militias, terrorists, criminal organizations etc
Undermine the sovereignty of state governments by reducing their ability to control their territory

28
Q

The United Nations (UN)

A

International governmental organization promoting international cooperation

Charter of United Nations signed 26 June 1945

195 members (193 states) (2 non state observers - Holy See + Palestine)

29
Q

UN General Assembly (UNGA)

A

Main policy making organ of the UN
Forum for negotiation
Solutions proposed
States vote on proposals = not binding on states but represent the international consensus
Parliament

30
Q

UN Security Council (UNSC)

A

Responsible for maintaining international peace and security
15 members = 5 permanent, 10 non permanent (2 year terms)
Permanent = China, Russia, USA, France, UK have veto power
Only UN body that can impose sanctions or authorize use of force
Government

31
Q

UN Secretariat

A

Responsible for daily operations of the UN
Led by Secretary-General
Produces reports and provides advice to countries
Highlight issues and propose agendas but can’t act without authorisation of GA

32
Q

United Nations Economic + Social Council (ECOSOC)

A

Forum for discussing international economic and social affairs
54 members on three year terms
Coordinates economic and social activities of the UN

33
Q

International Court of Justice (ICJ)

A

Settles legal disputes
States must request for court intervention
States have no obligation to accept decision
15 judges on 9 year terms
Gives opinions on legal questions

34
Q

Development

A

A process whereby low income countries with traditional societies and agricultural based economies are transformed into industrial economies with high living standards

Spectrum/Continuum not absolute

ECOSOC

35
Q

Developed countries

A

Wealthy, industrialized
Wealth more evenly distributed
High standard of living, GDP and advanced infrastructure

36
Q

Developing countries

A

Going through the process of industrialization
Lower standards of living, poorer infrastructure, high levels of wealth inequality
Manufacturing and agriculture

37
Q

Least developed countries

A

Poorest countries
Very low GDP, very poor infrastructure + standard of living
Rely of foreign aid
Subsistence agriculture
Africa, Asia + Pacific

z Global Politics (3 decks)

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