Introduction to GI

Question 1

Functions of the GI Tract (3)

Answer 1

Digestion

Absorption

Eliminate waste

Question 2

B12

Answer 2

Obtained from animal products

Absorbed in the ileum

Can take years to manifest

Deficiency results in pernicious (megaloblastic) anemia and can lead to neuropsychiatric issues like dementia; anorexia; fatigue

Question 3

Folic Acid

Answer 3

Obtained from green leafy vegetables, grains, orange juice, and organ meats

Absorbed in teh duodenum and upper jejunum

Deficiency results in megaloblastic anemia, diarrhea, glossitis, neural tube defects in new borns

Question 4

Vitamin A

Answer 4

Fat soluble

Deficiency can cause night blindness, increased risk for infections

Question 5

Vitamin D

Answer 5

Fat soluble

Obtained from diet, sunlight, dietary supplements

Excess can result in nausea, vomiting, anorexia, and constipation

Question 6

Vitamin E

Answer 6

Fat soluble

Deficiency: neurological sxs due to poor conduction (i.e. hemolysis, peripheral neuropathy, retinal disease)

Question 7

Vitamin K

Answer 7

Fat soluble

Sources: green leafy vegetables and synthesis from intestinal bacterial

Question 8

Iron

Answer 8

Absorbed in the duodenum and upper jejunum

Iron deficiency anemia MC results from the GI tract either from impaired absorption or GI bleeding

Question 9

Zinc

Answer 9

Deficiency results in impaired growth, development, reproductive and immune functions

Question 10

Fat soluble vitamins

Answer 10

Vitamins E, D, K and A

Question 11

Conditions that put pts at risk for vitamin malabsorption (3)

Answer 11

Malabsorption Disorders

Alcohol Abuse

Liver Disease

Question 12

Phases of Swallowing (2)

Answer 12

Oropharyngeal phase

• Process of forming bolus and transferring to the esophagus
• Sxs of dysfunction include coughing and choking with eating

Esophageal phase

• The esophagus propels food to the stomach via peristaltic contractions