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Geometrical Optics I > Introduction to Geometrical Optics Lecture 1 > Flashcards

Introduction to Geometrical Optics Lecture 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Any object that emits electromagnetic radiation is called what?

A

Source.

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2
Q

How many types of light sources are there?

A

4.

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3
Q

(Point/Extended/Monochromatic/Polychromatic)

Infinitely small or sufficiently far away.

A

Point Souce.

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4
Q

(Point/Extended/Monochromatic/Polychromatic)

Measureable area.

A

Extended Source.

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5
Q

(Point/Extended/Monochromatic/Polychromatic)

Emits EM radiation of a single wavelength or frequency.

A

Monochromatic.

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6
Q

(Point/Extended/Monochromatic/Polychromatic)

Emits EM radiation of several wavelengths or frequencies.

A

Polychromatic.

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7
Q

What is the order of the EM spectrum from longest to shortest wavelength?

A

Radio/TV->Microwaves->IR->Visible light->UV

->X-ray->Gamma ray.

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8
Q

Wavelength is measured in what units?

A

Nanometers. 10^9 nm = 1 m.

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9
Q

Frequency is measured in what units?

A

Hertz (Hz). or s^-1.

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10
Q

What is the relationship between wavelength and frequency?

A

Inverse relationship. Wavelength = 1/frequency.

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11
Q

Visible light spectrum usually falls under what wavelength?

A

10^-7 m.

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12
Q

What has the highest frequency and/or lowest wavelength? Is this dangerous?

A

Gamma Ray. Yes!

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13
Q

What has the lowest frequency and/or highest wavelength? Is this dangerous?

A

Radio/TV. No!

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14
Q

How many colors in visible light? What are the colors from highest to lowest wavelength?

A
  1. ROY G BIV.
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15
Q

Is light colored?

A

No.

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16
Q

True or False: The Wave Theory suggest that light is transmitted by waves.

A

True.

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17
Q

How many parts are there in an EM wave? What are they called? Parallel or perpendicular to each other?

A
  1. Electric and magnetic field variations. Perpendicular.
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18
Q

What is the formula of “speed of light”?

A

C = wavelength X frequency.

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19
Q

What is the speed of light, c, equal to?

A

3 X 10^8 m/s.

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20
Q

When is speed of light fastest?

A

In a vacuum. “Co”.

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21
Q

Light coming from a vacuum and entering a different medium is always slowed down or sped up? What is the speed of light called now? (When it is not in a vacuum).

A

Slowed down. “Cmedium or V”.

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22
Q

True or False: Regardless in what material the light travels, the wavelength remains constant.

A

False. Frequency.

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23
Q

In more dense medium, what happens to wavelength, frequency, and speed of light (v)?

A

W=decreases, F=constant, V=decreases. Opposite for less dense medium, light travels faster so wavelength increases, but again frequency remains the same.

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24
Q

V is usually given in what units?

A

m/s or km/s which is same as m X s^-1 or km X s^-1.

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25
What is the range of visible light?
380-780nm (violet to red) or 789-400THz.
26
How small is light compared to our hair?
167 times smaller than the diameter of a hair.
27
Where does our light come from?
The sun!
28
In the sun's spectrum, narrow bands of missing wavelengths occur that are called what? (What are key things about this).
Fraunhofer Lines. Yellow, sodium absorbs it, D, Fraunhofer D-line, 589.3 nm.
29
Which radiation will damage the eye most?
UVA.
30
What does geometrical optics look at? They look out how light is propagated, _________ and ___________.
Refracted; reflected.
31
Light is assumed to consist of what?
Rays.
32
1. Light propagates in _____ lines in a ___________ medium.
Straight; homogenous.
33
2. The angle of ________ equals the angle of ________. What law is this?
Reflection; incidence; Law of Reflection.
34
3. The ratio of the _____ of the angle of ________ to the angle of ________ is a constant that depends on the media. What law is this?
sine; incidence; refraction; Snellen's Law.
35
4. Independent beams of light that intersect each other will (affect/not affect) one another.
Not affect.
36
Light travels from what direction?
Left to right.
37
True or False: Light has a reversible path.
True. (Can go from dense to less dense medium and vice versa).
38
What does chromatic aberration mean?
When light of different colors bend differently.
39
How many diopter chromatic aberration do we have in our eyes?
2.5D.
40
In geometrical optics, we neglect what two properties?
Diffraction, interference.
41
All distance measurements are taken from what starting point?
Optical interface.
42
What are three possible choices for an optical interface?
Mirror, pinhole, lens.
43
What type of lens causes diverging lines?
Plus convex lens.
44
What type of lens causes converging lines?
Minus concave lens.
45
Concave mirror causes what type of power? It is related to what type of lens?
Converging. Plus lens.
46
Convex mirror causes what type of power? It is related to what type of lens?
Diverging. Minus lens.
47
Distance to the right of the optical interface is positive or negative?
Positive because it is going in the direction of light.
48
Distance to the left of the optical interface is positive or negative?
Negative because it is the opposite direction of light.
49
Angles measured counter-clockwise are positive or negative?
Positive.
50
Angles measured clockwise are positive or negative?
Negative.
51
What is the most commonly used measurements in geometrical optics?
Metric system: 1000 mm = 100 cm = 1 m.
52
Inverse of 1 meter is what?
Diopter. (D = 1/m or m^-1)
53
Inverse of diopter represents what?
The focal length f (in air).
54
True or False: A parallel ray never becomes a focal ray.
False. Always.
55
True or False: A focal ray never becomes a parallel ray.
False. Always.
56
True or False: A chief ray may become a parallel ray or a focal ray depending on its deviation.
False. A chief ray crosses undeviated. (Straight line).
57
Any substance which interferes with light can be considered as what?
Transparent or opaque.
58
What is the optical axis?
Normal to optical surface where object and image points are.
59
What is a beam?
Sum of all pencils.
60
True or False: Divergent, convergent, parallel refers to beams.
False: Refers to pencils.
61
Vergence is expressed in what unit?
Diopters.
62
Divergent pencils have positive or negative vergence?
Negative.
63
Convergent pencils have positive or negative vergence?
Positive.
64
What is the Gaussian Image Equation?
L'=L+F (Trying to find image vergence).
65
What does the pinhole camera prove?
Proves that light travels in straight lines.
66
In pinhole optics, if the image is upright, it has a ________ size. If the image is inverted, it has a ________ size.
Positive; negative.
67
What is the formula of magnification?
Image size/object size. or image distance/object distance.
68
Magnification is valid for which three cases?
Thin lenses, mirrors, and pinhole camera.
69
What does depth of field mean when it comes to pinholes?
If I change object's position, not necessarily does it lead to a blurry image, just different magnification. (Object side).
70
What is depth of focus when it comes to pinholes.?
Distance over which the image screen can be moved without affecting sharpness of the image. (Image size).
71
Depth of field and focus is very _______ to lens while it is ________ to pinholes.
Limited; infinite.
72
What occurs during a point source shadow?
A point source creates a geometric shadow when a stop is illuminated.
73
What occurs during an extended source shadow?
An extended source illuminates a stop and creates a shadow of two regions; umbra-central dark area, penumbra-varies from dark to light.
74
(Extended only) If the source is larger than the stop when the screen moved away, what happens to the colors?
Umbra shrinks, penumbra increases in diameter.
75
(Extended only) If the source is smaller than the stop when the screen moved away, what happens to the colors?
Both umbra and penumbra increase in diameter.
76
What does a point source create when an aperture is illuminated?
Full illumination, clear dark and light parts.
77
What does an extended source create when an aperture is illuminated? This is the reason for what?
Illumination area with two regions: central full illumination and an outer partial illumination. This is the reason for vignetting.

Geometrical Optics I (2 decks)

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