introduction to general microbiology

Question 1

results of microbial colonization

Answer 1

1. elimination of the microbe without affecting the host
2. infectious disease
3. transient or prolonged carrier state

Question 2

major differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes

Answer 2

1. all prokaryotic organisms are classified as bacteria
2. eukaryotic organisms include fungi, protozoa, helminths and humans

Question 3

major differences between gram positive and gram negative bacteria

Answer 3

1. gram positive=purple=thick peptido
2. gram negative=pink/red=thin peptide

Question 4

characteristics of fungi

Answer 4

1. eukaryotic
2. some are unicellular-yeast
3. some are multicellular (mold0filamentous, mushrooms)
4. reproduction may be asexual, sexual or both
5. produce spores- adapted for dispersal and survival often for long periods of time in unfavorable conditions
6. non-photosynthetic
7. generally saprophytic-feed on dead or decaying matter
8. pathogenic fungal diseases range from skin infections to systemic infections

Question 5

characteristics of protozoa

Answer 5

1. eukaryotic
2. unicellular
3. non-photosynthetic
4. many are free living but some are parasitic to humans
5. can be intracellular or extracellular parasites in the blood, urogenital region or intestine
6. medically important protozoa: intestine, urogenital, blood and tissues

Question 6

characteristics of helminths

Answer 6

1. eukaryotic
2. multicellular
3. worms
4. parasitic
5. divided into three groups:
6. nematodes-roundworms-enterobius vermicularis -pinworm
7. cestodes-tapeworms
8. trematodes -flukes

Question 7

characteristics of viruses

Answer 7

1. obligate intracellular parasites
2. cannot replicate without a host cell
3. has no cellular structure
4. contains DNA or RNA
5. nucleic acid surrounded by a protein coat
6. may have an envelope derived from the cell membrane of the host cell
7. the virus particle is called a virion.

Question 8

list medically important fungi

Answer 8

pathogenic fungal diseases range from skin infections to systemic infections

Question 9

medically important protozoa

Answer 9

medically important protozoa: intestine, urogenital, blood and tissues

Question 10

medically important helminths

Answer 10

nematodes-direct skin penetration, ingestion, ingestion of undercooked pork.
cestodes- ingestion
trematodes-direct skin penetration, ingestion of raw or undercooked fish or crustacean

Question 11

define the human microbiome

Answer 11

the total number and diversity of microbes in and on the human body

Question 12

the importance of the human normal microbiota

Answer 12

microbial species vary from individual to individual. therefore, its is difficult to define the human microbiome.
it is useful to be aware of the dominant types and distribution of resident microbiota because such knowledge provides an understanding of the possible infections that result from injury to a particular body site.

Question 13

various diagnostic microbial techniques

Question 14

importance of susceptibility tests

Question 15

the difference between bacteriostatic and bactericidal drugs