results of microbial colonization
- elimination of the microbe without affecting the host
- infectious disease
- transient or prolonged carrier state
major differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes
- all prokaryotic organisms are classified as bacteria
- eukaryotic organisms include fungi, protozoa, helminths and humans
major differences between gram positive and gram negative bacteria
- gram positive=purple=thick peptido
- gram negative=pink/red=thin peptide
characteristics of fungi
- eukaryotic
- some are unicellular-yeast
- some are multicellular (mold0filamentous, mushrooms)
- reproduction may be asexual, sexual or both
- produce spores- adapted for dispersal and survival often for long periods of time in unfavorable conditions
- non-photosynthetic
- generally saprophytic-feed on dead or decaying matter
- pathogenic fungal diseases range from skin infections to systemic infections
characteristics of protozoa
- eukaryotic
- unicellular
- non-photosynthetic
- many are free living but some are parasitic to humans
- can be intracellular or extracellular parasites in the blood, urogenital region or intestine
- medically important protozoa: intestine, urogenital, blood and tissues
characteristics of helminths
- eukaryotic
- multicellular
- worms
- parasitic
- divided into three groups:
- nematodes-roundworms-enterobius vermicularis -pinworm
- cestodes-tapeworms
- trematodes -flukes
characteristics of viruses
- obligate intracellular parasites
- cannot replicate without a host cell
- has no cellular structure
- contains DNA or RNA
- nucleic acid surrounded by a protein coat
- may have an envelope derived from the cell membrane of the host cell
- the virus particle is called a virion.
list medically important fungi
pathogenic fungal diseases range from skin infections to systemic infections
medically important protozoa
medically important protozoa: intestine, urogenital, blood and tissues
medically important helminths
nematodes-direct skin penetration, ingestion, ingestion of undercooked pork.
cestodes- ingestion
trematodes-direct skin penetration, ingestion of raw or undercooked fish or crustacean
define the human microbiome
the total number and diversity of microbes in and on the human body
the importance of the human normal microbiota
microbial species vary from individual to individual. therefore, its is difficult to define the human microbiome.
it is useful to be aware of the dominant types and distribution of resident microbiota because such knowledge provides an understanding of the possible infections that result from injury to a particular body site.
various diagnostic microbial techniques
importance of susceptibility tests
the difference between bacteriostatic and bactericidal drugs
