Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PRINCIPLES OF FUN > Introduction to fungi > Flashcards

Introduction to fungi Flashcards

1
Q

what is a fungus?

A

chemo-organic eukaryote that lacks chlorophyll and forms spores.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what does the cell wall of a fungus contain?

A

polysaccharides, often chitin or cellulose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is the major sterol of the fungal membrane?

A

ergosterol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is the mycelium?

A

the vegetative part of a fungus, consisting of a mass of branching, thread-like hyphae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what are the three groups of fungi?

A

basidiomycetes
ascomycetes
zygomycetes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is the difference between the asexual spores of basidio and ascomycetes and zygomycetes?

A

zygomycetes asexual spore is sporangiospore as opposed to conidium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is the structure of a basidiomycete?

A

basidiospores sit on top of the basidium, which is attached to the hypha

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is the structure of an ascomycete?

A

ascospores contained within a sac (ascus)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is the structure of zygomycetes?

A

a rough walled zygote contains one or more zygospores

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what are yeasts?

A

fungi that favour a unicellular habit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what diseases are caused by dermatophytes?

A 
"ringworm" or TINEA:
capitis
facei
barbae
corporis
cruris
manum
pedis
unguium
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

when would conidiophore be released?

A

when nutrients are low and the fungi needs to try and sporulate (spread)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what are some causative agents of dermatophytosis (tinea)

A

epidermophyton microsporum and trichophyton spp

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is a causative agent of pityriasis versicolor?

A

malassezia spp., which are yeasts that also form hyphae in infected skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

when would a candida infection be fatal?

A

in immunocompromised patients where it can affect the deep organs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what host factors can increase pathogenicity of fungal infections?

A

favourable (warm, moist) micro environments
broad spectrum antibacterial agents can reduce competition for epithelial colonisation sites in the gut
any immunosuppression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what different ways can a host become immunocompromised?

A

iatrogenic
disease processes
combinations of the above

18
Q

what are some examples of iatrogenic immunosuppression?

A

steroid
anti cancer chemo
solid organ transplantation

19
Q

what are some disease processes causing immunocompromisation?

A

AIDS
leukaemia
endocrinopathies

20
Q

what are risk factors for candidiasis?

A

age, antibiotic therapy, endocrine disorders, immune defects, immune suppression, surgery

21
Q

what is the most common type of candida species causing infection?

A

candida albicans

22
Q

are candida yeasts?

A

Yes

23
Q

can candida form hyphae?

A

Yes

24
Q

what would cause a chronic mucocutaneous infection?

A

genetic defects

and endocrine defects and immune defects

25
Q

what are the main causative species of aspergillosis?

A

aspergillus fumigatus

26
Q

what diseases can aspergillosis cause?

A

asthma
aspergilloma
asthma ith eosinophilia

27
Q

what type of fungus is apergillus?

A

mould

28
Q

how does aspergillosis infection occur?

A

inhalation of conidia

29
Q

what is a contributing factor to developing invasive pulmonary aspergillosis?

A

haematological malignancy

30
Q

what is the main causative species of cryptococcosis?

A

cryptococcus neoformans

31
Q

what diseases are caused by cryptococcus spp.

A

pulmonary cryptococcosis

meningitis (particularly in AIDS patients)

32
Q

what are some diagnostic methods of detecting fungal infections?

A

histpathology
high-res CT scans
direct smear
detection of circulating fungal antigens
detection of circulating antibodies to fungi
PCR for fungal DNA
culture of fungus from normally sterile sites

33
Q

how can dermatophytes be visualized?

A

directly in skin scales

34
Q

what are some different classes of antifungal drugs?

A

triazoles and allylamines
echinocandins
polyenes
flucytosine

35
Q

what do triazoles and allylamines target?

A

sterols

36
Q

what do echinocandins target?

A

target cell wall

37
Q

what do polyenes target?

A

target the fungal cell membrane

38
Q

what does flucytosine target?

A

targets DNA synthesis

39
Q

what are some examples of polyenes?

A

amphotericin B

Nyastatin

40
Q

what are some examples of azoles?

A

clotrimazole
fluconazole
miconazole

41
Q

what are some examples of echinocandins?

A

anidulafungin
caspofungin
micafungin (IV)

42
Q

what are some problems with antigfungals?

A 
spectrum of activity of the drug
IV vs oral
toxicity
resistance
cost
static or cidal

PRINCIPLES OF FUN (29 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions