Introduction To Forensic Science Flashcards
Julius Caesar was assassinated by a group of senators. A physician determined that among the twenty-three wounds suffered, only one was fatal. What year?
44 BC
Who is called the father of forensic science?
Archimedes (287-212BC)
Which century was medical men being employed in Germanic and Slavic communities?
The 5th century saw the introduction of medical men being employed in Germanic and Slavic communities in Europe to discover and determine death.
What did we se being used for the first time in the 6th century?
Fingerprints.
What is “Collected Cases of Injustice Rectified” by Song Ci?
Written in 1247. It is the first written records of forensics being used to solve crimes.
Bartolomeo da Varignana performed an autopsy on the body of an Italian nobleman who was believed to have been murdered. What year?
14th century, 1302
1348-1350 Holiness pope Clement VI gave the order for autopsies, in the hope of finding a possible cure, to be carried out on some of the victims from what decease?
The Black Plague.
In what year, and what items were used to identify the French Duke of Burgundy’s remains?
1447 - Missing teeth were used to identify him.
What century saw a rise in the interest in the causes of death, when a French army surgeon would dissect and examine organs of men killed in battle?
The 16th Century. Ambroise Pare was the surgeon and he wanted to determine cause of death and how the organs reacted to such a demise.
Fortunato Fidelis and Paolo Zacchia, two Italian surgeons, provided the basis for what?
Modern pathology. They conducted autopsies to study the changes that occur after deaths caused by diseases.
The Dutch optician Zacharias Jansen developed the optical microscope (which was a single lens) in 1590. What else did he invent?
The compound microscope, which was capable of 9x magnification.
What is the stereoscopic microscope?
A microscope which has dual eye pieces plus double lenses with prisms, and enables the user to see a three-dimensional image.
What is the comparison microscope?
It is similar to the stereoscopic, as it has two lenses with individual prisms that enables the user to examine two images next to each other.
Several books and papers were published in the 17th century, including the book “A Treatise on Forensic Medicine and Public Health” written by which French doctor?
Doctor Fodér.
Which German doctor published “The Complete System of Police Medicine?
Doctor Johann Peter.
François Demelle published a paper on what?
The first dissertation on systematic document examination to determine handwriting, inks and authenticity.
What did Sir Thomas Browne describe, in 1658, as being a fatty, waxy, soap-like substance?
Adipocere. A substance formed on human corpses buried in moist, air-free spaces.
Scientist Antony Van Leeuwenhoek used a microscope, in 1683, to study bacteria. What did he call the bacteria?
Animalcules.
In 1686, a professor of anatomy at the University of Bologna, identified which method to be used, and what was his name?
The fingerprint method. His name was Marcello Malpighi.
What did Giovanni Morgagni do in the latter part of the 1600s?
By conducting autopsies he collected data and correlated autopsy findings to match various diseases.
What year and which Swedish chemist discovered how to detect arsenic, large quantities, in bodies even if the body had been buried for a short time?
1776
Carl Wilhelm Scheele.
What year did France instigate the first collection of criminal statistics?
1803
In 1805 England initiated a bureau of.. What?
Bureau of criminal statistics.
The first detective force in France, The Sûreté of Paris, was established what year? And which former criminal became the director?
1810
Eugène François Vidocq
What is known as the Konigin Hanschritt and was used with success in Germany for the first time in 1810?
It’s the chemical test for ink dye on documents to prove authenticity.
What year was the first time that bullet comparison was used to catch a murderer? And who was the victim?
1835
Henry Goddard, one of London’s original Bow Street Runners.
What did H. Bayard develop in 1839?
The first consistent method of using the microscope to detect sperm.
Who is recognised as being the Founder of Toxicology and made a study of poisons and how to detect them in 1813?
Dr. Mathieu Bonaventure Orfila.
What is the Marsh Test?
A method of being able to process arsenic from body tissues. This is one of the earliest methods of forensic science.
On which French industrialist was the Marsh Test used, after it became known in 1840?
Charles Lafarge.
His much younger wife was lacing his food with small amounts of arsenic.
Dr. Orfila himself was invited to conduct the test, which he did with positive results.
When was the first description of senile ecchymoses given?
1817 by T. Bateman.
It is the dark purple-coloured marks/blotches on elderly which can on occasion be mistaken for bruising.
In 1831 Leuchs describe amylase activity in what?
Human saliva.
In 1839 Dr. John Davy recounts one of the earliest attempts to determine time of death using what?
A mercury thermometer. These experiments were carried out on dead soldiers.
What is The M’Naghten/McNaughton Rules?
They were devised, in 1843, to establish if insanity is the cause of the individual’s behaviour when a crime has been commited.
When and who discovered the method of identification of vegetable poison in body tissue after death?
1851
Jean Servais Stas from Belgium.
What did Ludwig Teichmann develop in 1853?
He developed the first microscopic crystal test for haemoglobin using Hemin Crystals.
What year did the English doctor Maddox develop the dry plate photography?
1854
This method would replace M. Daguerre’s wet plate on tin method.
Ambroise August Tardieu noted in 1855 that petechial haemorrhage takes place in death caused by what?
Asphyxiation.
It was in San Fransisco that the first use of systematic photography for criminal identification was established. What year?
1854-59
Which Italian was awarded the title of the Father of Criminology?
Cesare Lombroso (1836-1909) His theories are now considered to be irrelevant, but he did bring the study of criminology to the public notice and helped introduce forensics.
