INTRODUCTION TO ESTIMATING HOW MANY PARTICIPANTS ARE NEEDED 27/10/16 Flashcards

1
Q

What is estimations?

A

finding an estimate of some variable of interest

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2
Q

Where do you estimate from and where do you extrapolate this to?

A

study sample and extrapolate this to your target population

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3
Q

How can estimates be measured? (2)

A
  1. means

2. frequencies

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4
Q

How do you measure the level of uncertainty in your estimate? (2)

A
  • confidence interval

- standard error

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5
Q

What is hypothesis testing?

A

formal statiscal testing of a hypothesis

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6
Q

What is a null hypothesis?

A

no effect

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7
Q

what is an alternative hypothesis?

A

effect

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8
Q

How do medical studies test the hypothesis?

A

whether some average value differs from zero

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9
Q

How do we formally test hypotheses?

A

by calculating how likely our observations are under the null hypothesis

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10
Q

How is probability measured?

A

p value

null hypothesis is p<0.05

something being significantly different from the null hypothesis

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