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HEMA LEC 2 > INTRODUCTION TO ERYTHROCYTE ABNORMALITIES > Flashcards

INTRODUCTION TO ERYTHROCYTE ABNORMALITIES Flashcards

1
Q
  • True decrease or increase in the red cell mass
A

ABSOLUTE

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2
Q

Increase or decrease in red cell mass secondary to
a change in the plasma volume
- Ex: Rela,ve anemia in pregnancy and
hyperproteinemia

A

RELATIVE

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3
Q

________new RBCs are produced per second in the red bone
marrow

A

24 million

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4
Q

Circulate the blood ________ then they are culled in the spleen and components are recycled

A

90-120 days

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5
Q

Impaired DNA synthesis due to
Vit b12 and B9 deficiency

A

Megaloblas,c anemia

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6
Q
  • Deficient globin synthesis
A

Thalassemia

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7
Q
  • Deficient protoporphyrin
    synthesis
A

Sideroblastic anemia

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8
Q

Func,onal descrip,on: decrease in the oxygen carrying capacity of the blood
o Due to insufficient or impaired hemoglobin

A

ANEMIA

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9
Q

Opera,onal descrip,on: Reduction in the
hemoglobin content of blood

A

ANEMIA

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10
Q

production of erythroid
precursor cells that are defec,ve

A

Ineffective Erythropoiesis

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11
Q

decrease in the number
of erythroid precursors in the BM, resul,ng to decrease RBC produc,on and anemia

A

Insufficient Erythropoiesis

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12
Q

Coefficient of varia,on of RBC volume expressed as percentage

A

Red Cell Distribution Width (RDW)

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13
Q
  • Tool to assess the bone marrow’s ability to increase
    RBC produc,on in response to anemia
  • Re,culocyte normally circulate for 1 day
A

Reticulocyte Count

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14
Q

Morphologic Abnormali<es:

A
  • Sickle cells
  • Spherocytes
  • Schistocytes
  • Oval macrocytes
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15
Q

RBC Inclusions:

A
  • Malarial parasites
  • Basophilic stippling
  • Howell-Jolly bodies
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16
Q

ANEMIA: _____________
ERYTHROCYTOSIS & POLYCYTHEMIA: ____________

A

decrease red cells
too many red cells in circulation

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17
Q

Nearly uniform7-8um in diameter

A

Normal RBC

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18
Q

<6um in diameter

A

Microcytic Cells

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19
Q

> 8um in diameter

A

Macrocytic Cells

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20
Q

Mean Cell Volume = _________
Mean Cell Hemoglobin = __________
Mean Cell Hemoglobin Concentration = ___________

A

80-100
26-32
32-36

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21
Q

Abnormal variation in RBC volume or diameter

A

Anisocytosis
Commonly associated disease:
hemolytic, megaloblastic

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22
Q

Large RBC MCV 100> fl

A

Macrocyte
Commonly associated disease:
Megaloblastic anemia

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23
Q

Large Oval RBC

A

Oval Macrocyte
Commonly associated disease:
Megaloblastic anemia

24
Q

Small RBC MCV <80 fl

A

Microcyte
Commonly associated disease:
Iron deficiency anemia

25
Abnormal variation in RBC shape
Poikilocytosis Commonly associated disease: Severe anemia
26
Small, round, dense with no central pallor
Spherocyte Commonly associated disease: Hereditary spherocytosis
27
Elliptical RBC, oval RBC
Elliptocyte, ovalocyte Commonly associated disease:
28
RBC with slit like area of central pallor
Stomatocyte Commonly associated disease: Hereditary stomatocytosis
29
Thin, dense elongated RBC pointed at each end; may be curved
Sickle cell Commonly associated disease: Sicle cell anemia
30
Hexagonal crystal of defense hemoglobin formed within the RBC membrane
Hb C Crystal Commonly associated disease: Hb C disease
31
Fingerlike or quartz crystal of defense hemoglobin protruding from the RBC membrane
Hb SC Crystal Commonly associated disease: Hb SC disease
32
RBC with hemoglobin concentrated in the center and around the periphery resembling a target
Target cell (codocyte) Commonly associated disease: Liver disease
33
Fragmented RBC cause by rupture in the peripheral circulation
Schistocyte Commonly associated disease: Macroangiopathic/ Micro hemolytic anemia
34
RBC fragment in shape of a helmet
Helmet cell (keratocyte) Commonly associated disease: same as schistocyte
35
RBC with membrane folded over
Folded cell Commonly associated disease: Hb C disease Hb SC disease
36
Small, dense RBC with few irregularly space of varying length
Acanthocyte (spur cell) Commonly associated disease: severe liver disease
37
RBC with blunt pointed or short projections
Burr cell (echinocyte) Commonly associated disease: Pyruvate Kinase Deficiency
38
RBC with a single pointed extension resembling a teardrop/ pear
Teardrop cell (Dacryocyte) Commonly associated disease: Megaloblastic anemia
39
RNA
Diffuse basophilia
40
Precipitated RNA
Basophilic stippling
41
DNA
Howell Jolly body
42
Denatured hemoglobin
Heinz body
43
Iron
Pappenheimer bodies
44
Mitotic spindle remnant
Cabot ring
45
Precipitated B globin
Hb H
46
Anemia may be classified based on:
o Re6c ct o MCV o PBS
47
valuable if an inappropriately low re6c ct and microcy6c anemia is present
Iron studies
48
helpful in macrocy6c anemia with low re6c ct
Serum Vit B12 and folate assays
49
can differen6ate Autoimmune Hemoly6c Anemia (AIHA) from other hemoly6c anemias
Direct Antiglobulin test (DAT):
50
detect hemoglobinuria or increase in urobilinogen
Routine urinalysis
51
detect hematuria or hemosiderin
Microscopy
51
detect occult blood or intestinal parasites
Analysis of stool
52
Caused by conditions that impair DNA synthesis: _______________ § Pernicious Anemia o _____________ § Pregnancy with folate requirement o Myelodysplasia
Vit B12 deficiency Vit B9 (Folate) deficiency
53
MCV in normal range 80 - 100 fL - RBC morphology on PBS must be xamined to rule out (R/O) dimorphic popula,on that can yield to a normal MCV
Normocytic Anemias
54
Megaloblas
Oval macrocytes Hypersegmented neutrophils Megaloblasts
55
Decrease in plasma volume à rela/ve erythrocytosis
o Dehydra/on o Vomi/ng o Excessive swea/ng o Increase vascular permeability (burn injury, anaphylaxis) o Diure/cs

HEMA LEC 2 (8 decks)

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