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HEMA LEC 2 > INTRODUCTION TO ERYTHROCYTE ABNORMALITIES > Flashcards

INTRODUCTION TO ERYTHROCYTE ABNORMALITIES Flashcards

1
Q
  • True decrease or increase in the red cell mass
A

ABSOLUTE

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2
Q

Increase or decrease in red cell mass secondary to
a change in the plasma volume
- Ex: Rela,ve anemia in pregnancy and
hyperproteinemia

A

RELATIVE

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3
Q

________new RBCs are produced per second in the red bone
marrow

A

24 million

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4
Q

Circulate the blood ________ then they are culled in the spleen and components are recycled

A

90-120 days

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5
Q

Impaired DNA synthesis due to
Vit b12 and B9 deficiency

A

Megaloblas,c anemia

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6
Q
  • Deficient globin synthesis
A

Thalassemia

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7
Q
  • Deficient protoporphyrin
    synthesis
A

Sideroblastic anemia

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8
Q

Func,onal descrip,on: decrease in the oxygen carrying capacity of the blood
o Due to insufficient or impaired hemoglobin

A

ANEMIA

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9
Q

Opera,onal descrip,on: Reduction in the
hemoglobin content of blood

A

ANEMIA

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10
Q

production of erythroid
precursor cells that are defec,ve

A

Ineffective Erythropoiesis

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11
Q

decrease in the number
of erythroid precursors in the BM, resul,ng to decrease RBC produc,on and anemia

A

Insufficient Erythropoiesis

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12
Q

Coefficient of varia,on of RBC volume expressed as percentage

A

Red Cell Distribution Width (RDW)

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13
Q
  • Tool to assess the bone marrow’s ability to increase
    RBC produc,on in response to anemia
  • Re,culocyte normally circulate for 1 day
A

Reticulocyte Count

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14
Q

Morphologic Abnormali<es:

A
  • Sickle cells
  • Spherocytes
  • Schistocytes
  • Oval macrocytes
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15
Q

RBC Inclusions:

A
  • Malarial parasites
  • Basophilic stippling
  • Howell-Jolly bodies
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16
Q

ANEMIA: _____________
ERYTHROCYTOSIS & POLYCYTHEMIA: ____________

A

decrease red cells
too many red cells in circulation

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17
Q

Nearly uniform7-8um in diameter

A

Normal RBC

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18
Q

<6um in diameter

A

Microcytic Cells

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19
Q

> 8um in diameter

A

Macrocytic Cells

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20
Q

Mean Cell Volume = _________
Mean Cell Hemoglobin = __________
Mean Cell Hemoglobin Concentration = ___________

A

80-100
26-32
32-36

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21
Q

Abnormal variation in RBC volume or diameter

A

Anisocytosis
Commonly associated disease:
hemolytic, megaloblastic

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22
Q

Large RBC MCV 100> fl

A

Macrocyte
Commonly associated disease:
Megaloblastic anemia

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23
Q

Large Oval RBC

A

Oval Macrocyte
Commonly associated disease:
Megaloblastic anemia

24
Q

Small RBC MCV <80 fl

A

Microcyte
Commonly associated disease:
Iron deficiency anemia

25
Q

Abnormal variation in RBC shape

A

Poikilocytosis
Commonly associated disease:
Severe anemia

26
Q

Small, round, dense with no central pallor

A

Spherocyte
Commonly associated disease:
Hereditary spherocytosis

27
Q

Elliptical RBC, oval RBC

A

Elliptocyte, ovalocyte
Commonly associated disease:

28
Q

RBC with slit like area of central pallor

A

Stomatocyte
Commonly associated disease:
Hereditary stomatocytosis

29
Q

Thin, dense elongated RBC pointed at each end; may be curved

A

Sickle cell
Commonly associated disease:
Sicle cell anemia

30
Q

Hexagonal crystal of defense hemoglobin formed within the RBC membrane

A

Hb C Crystal
Commonly associated disease:
Hb C disease

31
Q

Fingerlike or quartz crystal of defense hemoglobin protruding from the RBC membrane

A

Hb SC Crystal
Commonly associated disease:
Hb SC disease

32
Q

RBC with hemoglobin concentrated in the center and around the periphery resembling a target

A

Target cell (codocyte)
Commonly associated disease:
Liver disease

33
Q

Fragmented RBC cause by rupture in the peripheral circulation

A

Schistocyte
Commonly associated disease:
Macroangiopathic/ Micro hemolytic anemia

34
Q

RBC fragment in shape of a helmet

A

Helmet cell (keratocyte)
Commonly associated disease:
same as schistocyte

35
Q

RBC with membrane folded over

A

Folded cell
Commonly associated disease:
Hb C disease
Hb SC disease

36
Q

Small, dense RBC with few irregularly space of varying length

A

Acanthocyte (spur cell)
Commonly associated disease:
severe liver disease

37
Q

RBC with blunt pointed or short projections

A

Burr cell (echinocyte)
Commonly associated disease:
Pyruvate Kinase Deficiency

38
Q

RBC with a single pointed extension resembling a teardrop/ pear

A

Teardrop cell (Dacryocyte)
Commonly associated disease:
Megaloblastic anemia

39
Q

RNA

A

Diffuse basophilia

40
Q

Precipitated RNA

A

Basophilic stippling

41
Q

DNA

A

Howell Jolly body

42
Q

Denatured hemoglobin

A

Heinz body

43
Q

Iron

A

Pappenheimer bodies

44
Q

Mitotic spindle remnant

A

Cabot ring

45
Q

Precipitated B globin

A

Hb H

46
Q

Anemia may be classified based on:

A

o Re6c ct
o MCV
o PBS

47
Q

valuable if an inappropriately low re6c ct
and microcy6c anemia is present

A

Iron studies

48
Q

helpful in macrocy6c anemia with low re6c ct

A

Serum Vit B12 and folate assays

49
Q

can differen6ate Autoimmune Hemoly6c Anemia (AIHA) from other
hemoly6c anemias

A

Direct Antiglobulin test (DAT):

50
Q

detect hemoglobinuria or
increase in urobilinogen

A

Routine urinalysis

51
Q

detect hematuria or
hemosiderin

A

Microscopy

51
Q

detect occult blood or intestinal
parasites

A

Analysis of stool

52
Q

Caused by conditions that impair DNA synthesis:
_______________
§ Pernicious Anemia
o _____________
§ Pregnancy with folate requirement
o Myelodysplasia

A

Vit B12 deficiency
Vit B9 (Folate) deficiency

53
Q

MCV in normal range 80 - 100 fL
- RBC morphology on PBS must be xamined to rule
out (R/O) dimorphic popula,on that can yield to a
normal MCV

A

Normocytic Anemias

54
Q

Megaloblas<c anemia
o PBS:
§ _____________
§ ____________
o Bone Marrow:
§ ___________

A

Oval macrocytes
Hypersegmented neutrophils
Megaloblasts

55
Q

Decrease in plasma volume à rela/ve erythrocytosis

A

o Dehydra/on
o Vomi/ng
o Excessive swea/ng
o Increase vascular permeability (burn injury,
anaphylaxis)
o Diure/cs

HEMA LEC 2 (8 decks)

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