Introduction to Engineering geology

Question 1

Physical geology

Answer 1

Physical geology aims at the proper understanding of the physical forces and processes which mould the surface of the globe through their ceaseless action through ages.

Question 2

Historical geology

Answer 2

Historical geology, traces the evolution of the earth.

Question 3

Palentology

Answer 3

Palaeontology is that branch of geology which deals with the mode of preservation of remains of plants and animals, in the form of fossils, within the rock-bed.

Question 4

Mineralogy

Answer 4

Mineralogy is that branch of geology which deals with the study of minerals.

Question 5

Crystallography

Answer 5

Crystallography deals with the study of the crystals.

Question 6

Petrology

Answer 6

Petrology, the science of the rock, investigates on the nature of the rocks, their mode of formation.

Question 7

Structural geology

Answer 7

Structural geology is to study and interpret the structures found in rock masses (like fold, fault, joint, unconformity)

Question 8

Hydrogeology

Answer 8

Hydrogeology (hydro- meaning water, and -geology meaning the study of the Earth) is the area of geology that deals with the distribution and movement of groundwater in the soil and rocks of the Earth’s crust (commonly in aquifers).

Question 9

Geophysics

Answer 9

Geophysics, involving geology, physics and mathematics, deals with to exploration of the subsurface.

Question 10

Geochemistry

Answer 10

Geochemistry deals with the chemical analysis and evolution of the rock and minerals.

Question 11

Economic geology

Answer 11

Economic geology deals with the occurrence of deposits of rocks and minerals of economic importance.

Question 12

Geomorphology

Answer 12

Geomorphology deals with the form and morphology of the earth surface.

Question 13

the principles and methods of geology for the purpose of civil engineering

Answer 13

• The study of raw materials e.g. aggregates etc.
• The study of the geological characteristics of the immediate area where engineering operations are to be carries out e.g. ground-water characteristics. the load bearing capacity, the stability of slope, the excavation problems etc. (Rock mechanics).

Question 14

IAEG(International Association of Engineering geology)definition

Answer 14

Engineering geology, is defined in the statues of the IAEG as the science devoted to the investigation, study and solution of engineering and environmental problems which may arise as the result of the interaction between geology and the works or activities of man, as well as of the prediction of the and development of measures for the prevention or remediation of geological hazards.

Question 15

Engineering geology has much more scope over the civil engineering:

Answer 15

• The natural processes influence how the structural and other development occurs. The suitability of locations for development, their design and cost are related to the effect of natural processes.
• Because, structures and development can alter natural processes creating change that may be undesirable. Changes in stream channel bed elevations and other channel characteristics below dams are an example of a natural processes changed.
• The geological structures such as thrusts, faults, folds, joints etc play vital role not only on increasing the cost but also on collapsing the engineering projects hence carried out great loss of lives and property.

Question 16

Role of Geology in Field of Engineering

Answer 16

• The geologist analysis the conditions of area, selected for the site, the engineer will consider as to how improve the conditions and to adjust them, so as to make them suitable, to his plan.
• The geologist, from his analysis, finds out the probable problems and difficulties, that are likely to be faced during the construction, the engineer will solve the problems and overcome the difficulties.
• The geologist suggests different site for the buildings materials such as stone, brick earth, stand etc. to be obtained the engineer will obtain them economically and will put them to use.