Introduction to Endocrine system ( not done )

Question 1

Describe intercellular communication via paracrine chemical messengers , give examples

Answer 1

• paracrine affects neighbouring cells only
• paracrine messenger cell binds to receptors on surface of target cell that’s close to secretory cell , targeting response
• don’t enter blood and are rapidly locally degraded
• ex: histamine, NO

Question 2

Describe intercellular communication via autocrine chemical messengers , give examples

Answer 2

• affects secreting cell only
• autocrine chemical messenger binds to receptors on the cell that secreted it
• distributed by simple diffusion
• ex: growth factors

Question 3

Describe intercellular communication via neurotransmitters, give examples

Answer 3

• neurons secrete neurotransmitters
• electric signal passes down axon and releases neurotransmitters that bind to target cell receptors
• target tissue is either nerve, muscle or gland cells
• distributed by diffusion
• ex: ACH, NO

Question 4

What secretes hormones and where are they secreted

Answer 4

• endocrine cells , ductless gland cells

- secreted into blood

Question 5

Describe intercellular communication via neurohormones , give examples

Answer 5

• secreted from neurones in response to electric signal
• instead of it innervating another nerve, gland or muscle the neurohormone is released into the blood
• ex: ADH

Question 6

List Endocrine Glands ( 14)

Answer 6

1- Hypothalamus 
2- Pituitary 
3- Pineal 
4- Thyroid 
5- Parathyroid 
6- Thymus 
7- Heart 
8- Stomach 
9- Adrenal glands 
10 - Pancreas 
11- Kidneys 
12- Intestines 
13- Ovaries 
14- Testes