Introduction to Elements Flashcards
What is matter?
All matter is made up of atoms. Everything is made up of matter. It has MASS and VOLUME.
Facts about atom:
- Has dense central structure called nucleus.
- Has mass in nucleus.
- Nucleus made up of protons and neurons.
Charges
Electron ( negative charge )
Protons ( positive charge )
Neutrons ( neutral charge ) ( same mass as protons )
What are called subatomic particles?
Protons, neutrons & electrons
What subatomic particles have the same number?
Electrons and protons
What is ion?
If atom gains or lose an electron
There are 118 different types of atoms called:
Substances are called elements
Few elements exist individual atoms called:
Nobel gases : Helium and neon etc
What is a molecule?
Many substances consists of two or more atoms that are chemically combined.
What unit do we used to discuss the size of atoms?
Nanometre
Nanometre is how much of a metre?
One billionth = 10^9m
EASY rule for the metric system:
CONVERTING TO METRES
Exponents
Tera 12 Giga 9 Mega 6 Kilo 3 Hecto 2 Deka 1
ones (none) / metres/ grams etc
Deci -1 Centi -2 Milli -3 Micro -6 ( UPSIDE DOWN N with tail ) Nano -9 Pico -12
Symbol for atomic number
Symbol Z - defined as the number of protons in the nucleus
Number of positive charge MUST be the same as negativr
protons = electrons number
Mass number symbol
Symbol A = depending on the number of particles in the nucleus
How is mass number defined?
The total number of protons and neutrons in an atom.
How to define number of neutrons?
Subtracting the atomic number (Z) from the mass (A)
Define each letter:
A
E
Z
A= Mass number E = Symbol of element Z = Atomic number
Figure out protons, neutrons & electrons:
23
Na
11
Protons = 11 Electrons = 11
Neutrons = 23-11 = 12
( neutrons and protons DON’T have to be the same just very close numbers - isotopes )
What is isotopes?
A particular elements have same number of protons but has different number of neutrons.
Atom emission spectrum
A spectrum emitted as distinct bands of light of diagnostic frequencies by elements or compounds.
Atom
A neutral particle with a nucleus; the smallest sample of an element
Electron configuration
Arrangement of electrons in the shells of an atom
Element
Chemical species consisting of atoms of a single type
Excited State
Raised by to a higher than ground-state energy level.
Ground State
The least excited energy level of an atom
Ion
a charged atom
