Introduction to EDA

Question 1

It is a collection of methods for planning experiments, obtaining data, and then organizing, summarizing, analyzing, interpreting, and drawing conclusions based on the data.

Answer 1

STATISTICS

Question 2

The practice or science of collecting and analyzing numerical data in large quantities, especially for the purpose of inferring proportions in a whole from those in a representative sample

Answer 2

STATISTICS

Question 3

are methods for organizing and summarizing data.

Answer 3

Descriptive statistics

Question 4

consists of procedures used to make inferences about population characteristics from information contained in a sample drawn from this population

Answer 4

INFERENTIAL STATISTICS

Question 5

covers a large variety of techniques that allow us to make actual claims about a population based on sample of data

Answer 5

INFERENTIAL STATISTICS

Question 6

The theory of statistics uses _________ to measure the uncertainty associated with an inference. It enables us to calculate the probabilities of observing specific samples under specific assumptions about the population. The statistician uses these probabilities to evaluate the uncertainties associated with sample inferences.

Answer 6

probability

Question 7

information or facts necessary to conduct a certain study.

Answer 7

Data

Question 8

in a statistical study is the group of objects drawn about which conclusions are to be drawn

Answer 8

POPULATION

Question 9

is a subset of measurements selected from the population of interest

Answer 9

SAMPLE

Question 10

A descriptive value for a population is called a

Answer 10

parameter

Question 11

A descriptive value for a sample is called ________

Answer 11

statistic

Question 12

measures a quality or characteristic on each experiment unit.

Answer 12

Qualitative data

Question 13

measures a numerical quantity or amount on each experiment unit.

Answer 13

Quantitative data

Question 14

Results from either a finite number of possible values or a countable number of possible values (that is, the number of possible values is 0, 1, 2, and so on)

Answer 14

Discrete data

Question 15

Results from many possible values that can be associated with points on a continuous scale in such a way that there are no gaps or interruptions

Answer 15

Continuous data

Question 16

To establish relationships between variables, researchers must observe the variables and record their observations This requires that the variables be _______

Answer 16

measured

Question 17

The process of measuring a variable requires a set of categories called a _______ and a process that classifies each individual into one category

Answer 17

scale of measurement

Question 18

is characterized by the data that consist of names, labels or categories only, and the data cannot be arranged in an ordering scheme

Answer 18

nominal level of measurement

Question 19

involves data that may be arranged in some order, but differences between data values either cannot be determined or are meaningless

Answer 19

ordinal level of measurement involves

Question 20

Is like the ordinal level, with the addition that meaningful amounts of differences between data can be determined. However, there is no inherent zero starting point.

Answer 20

Interval level measurement

Question 21

Is the interval level modified to include the inherent zero starting point. For values at this level, differences and ratios are meaningful.

Answer 21

ratio level of measurement

Question 22

A set of measurements that has not been organized numerically is called

Answer 22

raw data

Question 23

Data that are presented in the form of frequency distribution are called

Answer 23

grouped data

Question 24

The organization of raw data in table form with classes and frequencies An arrangement of a large mass of data by grouping into different classes of the same size and determining the number of observations that fall in each of the classes

Answer 24

Frequency Distribution

Question 25

data that can be placed in specific categories, such as gender, hair color or religious affiliation

Answer 25

Categorical Frequency Distribution

Question 26

A frequency distribution of numerical data The raw data is not grouped

Answer 26

Ungrouped Frequency Distribution

Question 27

A frequency distribution where several numbers are grouped into one class

Answer 27

Grouped Frequency Distribution

Question 28

categories (or classes) of scores, along with counts (or frequencies) of the number of scores that fall into each category

Answer 28

frequency table

Question 29

for a particular class is the number of original scores that fall into that class

Answer 29

frequency

Question 30

distribution represent data that can be placed in specific categories, such as gender, hair color or religious affiliation

Answer 30

Categorical frequency

Question 31

are the smallest number that can actually belong to the different classes

Answer 31

Lower class limits

Question 32

are the largest number that can actually belong to the different classes

Answer 32

Upper class limits are

Question 33

are the numbers used to separate classes, but without the gaps created by the class limits They are obtained increasing the upper class limits and decreasing the lower class limits by the same amount so that there are no gaps between consecutive classes The amount be added or subtracted is one half the difference between the upper limit of one class and the lower limit of the following class

Answer 33

Class boundaries

Question 34

are the midpoints of the classes. They can be found by adding lower class limits and dividing by 2.

Answer 34

Class marks

Question 35

is the difference between two consecutive lower class limits or two consecutive lower class boundaries.

Answer 35

Class width or Class size

Question 36

ratio of the class frequency to the total frequency

Answer 36

Relative Frequency

Question 37

if the frequencies are summed from bottom up The less than cumulative is constructed if the frequencies are summed from top down to find the number of observations less than a particular upper class boundary

Answer 37

Cumulative Frequency