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Dermatology > Introduction to Dermatology > Flashcards

Introduction to Dermatology Flashcards

1
Q

The skin is the largest organ in the body and contains several adnexal structures.

What does this mean and what are these?

A

Structures adjoining onto an organ

Hair, nails, glands, sensory structures

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2
Q

Identify the labels

A
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3
Q

What is the function of the following:

a) Sub-cutis (hypodermis)
b) Dermis
c) Epidermis

A

Sub-cutis (hypodermis):

  • Anchors skin to fascia using fibrous bands
  • Fat/energy store & Insulation

Dermis:

  • Collagen & elastin matrix
  • Mucopolysaccharide gel
  • Lots of stuff in it/goes through it

Epidermis:

  • Outer layer
  • 3 cell types - mostly keratinocytes
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4
Q

What is present in the dermis?

A

Structures:

  • veins & arteries
  • hair follicles & associated structures - on diagram
  • nerves - i know theyre cells but shut up
  • sweat glands

Cells:

  • Fibroblasts
  • Dermal dendritic cells
  • Macrophages
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5
Q

What is the function of melanocytes?

A

Melanin-producing neural crest-derived cells located mainly in the bottom layer (the stratum basale) of the skin’s epidermis

Once synthesized, melanin is contained in special organelles called melanosomes which can be transported to nearby keratinocytes where they sit above the nucleus

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6
Q

What are Langerhan’s cells?

A

Antigen-presenting immune cells

When activated - they move to lymph nodes to induce an immune response

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7
Q

What are the 5 layers (strata) of the epidermis?

(from outermost in)

A

Stratum Corneum

Stratum Lucidum

Stratum Granulosum

Stratum Spinosum

Stratum Basale

Charlie loves grandmas soggy biscuits xox

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8
Q

Shown is a diagram of the epidermis

For each layer - describe its function

A
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9
Q

In the diagram below - identify the structures present within each structure

If you want you can relate it to the overall function of the layer(s) its present in

A
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10
Q

Identify the parts of the nails anatomy

A
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11
Q

What are the stages of the hair cycle?

A

Anagen

  • Active growing phase
  • 80-90% of hair in this stage

Catagen

  • Nourishment of growing hair stops - follicle shrinks
  • 2nd-3rd week of cycle

Telogen

  • resting phase for 1–4 months
  • up to 10% of hairs in a normal scalp
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12
Q

What are the functions of the skin?

A

Thermoregulation:

  • Insulation, heat transfer

Skin immune system (SIS):

  • Remember all the immune cells in skin
  • Innate and adaptive functions

Barrier:

  • Protects from chemical, mechanical, UV, microorganisms
  • Keeps in water and electrolytes

Sensation:

  • Temp, touch, pain

Vit D synthesis

Interpersonal Communication

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13
Q

What are the causes of skin disease?

A

Causes can be external or internal…

External:

  • Infection
  • UV
  • Trauma
  • Chemical (allergen or irritant)
  • Temperature

Internal:

  • Systemic disease
  • Infection
  • Genetics
  • Drugs
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14
Q

What problem does this patient have?

What usually causes it?

A

Photosensitivity

Extreme sensitivity to UV light (esp UVA, UVB) which means skin easily damaged

Usually caused by medications

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15
Q

What skin conditions can be caused by cold?

A

Chilblains

Frostbite

Skin necrosis

Cold urticaria

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16
Q

The following words are used to describe skin lesions - what do they mean?

a) macule
b) patch
c) papule
d) plaque

A

a) macule - small circumscribed area (usually < 5mm)
b) patch - larger circumscribed area
c) papule - small raised area
d) plaque - larger raised area

17
Q

The following words are used to describe skin lesions - what do they mean?

a) Vesicle
b) bulla
c) pustule
d) abscess
e) erosion
f) ulcer

A

a) Vesicle - Small fluid filled
b) Bulla - larger fluid filled
c) pustule - small puss filled
d) abscess - larger puss filled
e) erosion - lesion with loss of epidermis
f) ulcer - lesion with loss of epidermis and dermis

18
Q

What is urticaria?

A

AKA Hives

Outbreak of swollen, pale red bumps or plaques (wheals) on the skin that appear suddenly

In response to allergens but also stuff like cold

19
Q

What are the different investigations available in Dermatology?

A

For bacterial infection:

  • Charcoal swab
  • MC&S - Microscopy, culture, sensitivities

For viral:

  • Viral swob for PCR (+ swab of bullae etc)
  • Can take throat swab in systemic illness

For fungal:

  • Skin scraping
  • Nair clipping
  • Hair sample
  • Fungal cultures

General - Skin biopsies (punch biopsies)

20
Q
A

Dermatology (3 decks)

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