Introduction to Dental Morphology Flashcards
What is morphology?
the study of the forms of things
Nomenclature of human teeth
these are the terms used to describe human dentition, the surfaces and indentifying characteristics
What is the dental arch?
teeth, gingiva, and associated bone
What is the maxillary arch?
the upper arch including the associated teeth
What is the mandibular arch?
the lower arch and associated teeth
What portion of the mouth is the only thing that moves?
mandible
How many permanent teeth are there?
incisors, canines, premolars, and molars
32
I = 8
C = 4
PM = 8
M = 12
What is the permanent dental formula?
the notation system which describes the number and order of permanent teeth
I2/2, C1/1, P2/2, M3/3
Each arch is divided in half at the ___
Each half arch is a _________
midline
quadrant
(maxillary R and L quadrant, mandibular R and L quadrant)
What are the anterior teeth? What are the posterior teeth?
anterior = incisors (8) and canines (4)
posterior = premolars (8) and molars (12)
How many decidous or primary teeth are there?
20 decidious teeth
10 per arch: 4 incisor, 2 canines, and 4 molars
What is the deciduous dental formula?
I2/2, C1/1, M2/2
What is the crown covered with? What is the root covered with?
crown = enamel
root = cementum
What is enamel?
the dense hydroxyapatite surface of the crown
What is pulp?
the vascular innervated portion of the tooth
What is dentin?
the inner hard layer of the crown and root
What is cementum?
the outer layer of the root surface
What is DEJ?
dentoenamel junction = junction of enamel and dentin layers
What is CEJ?
cementoenamel junction = junction of enamel and cementum layers
What is the cervical line?
junction of the anatomical crown and root
What is the clinical crown?
the portion of the tooth that is visible in the mouth?
What is the anatomical crown?
the crown above the CEJ
Surface terminology
Facial (buccal/labial) = outer most surface toward cheek or lips
Lingual (palatal) = inner most surface toward the tongue or palate
Mesial = toward the median line
Distal = away from the median line
Incisal vs. Occlusal
the biting or incising edge of anterior teeth
the biting or chewing surface of posterior teeth
What is a cusp? What is a fossa?
Cusp: projection on a crown
Fossa: depression or concavity between cusps or ridges
What is a ridge?
Anatomy of a crown = linear elevation on the surgace of a tooth and is named according to its location
What is a cingulum?
lingual crown projection on anterior teeth
What is a groove?
line between the primary parts of a crown or root
What is a pit?
pinpoint depression at the junction or termination of a groove
What is a lobe?
primary center of development within a tooth
What is mamelon?
round projections of enamel on newly erupted teeth
incisal remnant of incisor development
What is furcation?
where root divides
What is the root apex?
the opening in the root for entrace of the pulp
What is the pulp chamber?
chamber containing dental pulp
What is the pulp horn?
highest projection of pulp chamber within the crown - exposure of pulp horn may lead to root canal
What is a pulp canal?
inner portion of the root containing the dental pulp
What is the periodontium? What does it include?
the tissues that surround the teeth
gingiva, cementum, alveolar bone, periodontal ligament
What is gingiva?
“gums”
covers the bone and surrounds the cervical portions of teeth
divided into: free gingiva, attached gingiva, and interdental papilla
pale pink
alveolar mucosa
dark red, loose attachment to the underlying bone
Mucogingival junction
junction of the aveolar mucosa and gingiva
Free gingiva
close to the tooth crown, not attached to the bone
free gingival groove
separates attached gingiva from free gingiva
interdental papilla or gingival papilla (GP)
the triangular shaped gingiva that occupies the gingival embrasure
Gingivcal sulcus
not seen visually, but can be evaluated with a periodontal probe
space betwen tooth surfave and narrow cervial collar of free gingiva
measurement can determine health and periodontal needs
Periodontal Ligament (PDL)
surrounds tooth root and attaches tooth to alveolar bone (periodontal fibers)
Alveolar bone
aka alveolar process; forms and support tooth sockets
