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Prosthodontics > Introduction To Dental Materials > Flashcards

Introduction To Dental Materials Flashcards

1
Q

Dental Prosthesis:

A

Dental Prosthesis: An artificial replacement (prosthesis) of one or
more teeth (up to the entire dentition in either arch) and
associated structures (fixed or removable).

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2
Q

Rdp is

A

• Removable Dental Prosthesis: Any dental prosthesis that replaces
some or all teeth in a partially dentate arch (PRDP) or edentulous
arch (CRDP). It can be removed from the mouth and replaced at
will.

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3
Q

Fixed Dental Prosthesis

A

Fixed Dental Prosthesis (Crowns and Bridges): Any prosthesis
that is securely fixed to a natural tooth or teeth, or to one or
more dental implants/implant abutments; it cannot be removed
by the patient.

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4
Q

•crown

A

• Crown: An artificial replacement that restores missing tooth
structure by surrounding part or all of the remaining structure
with a material such as cast metal, porcelain, or a combination of
materials such as metal and porcelain.

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5
Q

Inlay:
• Onlay:
• Ceramic Inlay:

A

Inlay: An intracoronal restoration
• Onlay: If one or more cusps are restored (covered)
• Ceramic Inlay: a ceramic intracoronal restoration

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6
Q

What is Science of Dental materials?

A

What is Science of Dental materials?
“Is the study of the composition and properties of dental materials
and the way in which they interact with the environment in which
they are placed (vivo and vitro)”

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7
Q

Gypsum products are used to construct

A

Gypsum products are used to construct models and dies (casts)
which should be accurate replicas of the patient’s hard and soft
tissues.

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8
Q
  • Gypsum rproducts used in dentistry are based on
  • When mixed with water it reacts to form
A
  • Gypsum products used in dentistry are based on calcium sulphate
    hemihydrate CaSO4·0.5H2O.
  • When mixed with water it reacts to form the calcium sulphate
    dihydrate CaSO4·2H2O.
    CaSO 4·0.5 H 2 O + 1.5H 2 O CaSO 4·2H 2 O
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9
Q

Types of Dental Gypsum Products

A

Types of Dental Gypsum Products
- Type 1 Dental plaster, impression
- Type 2 Dental plaster, model
- Type 3 Dental stone, die, model
- Type 4 Dental stone, die, high strength, low expansion
- Type 5 Dental stone, die, high strength, high expansion

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10
Q

Waxes

A

Waxes
- Waxes are thermoplastic materials which are normally solids at
room temperature but can change into the soft or liquid state by
heating.

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11
Q
  • Investing:
  • Casting investment materials:
A
  • Investing: The process of covering or enveloping, wholly or
    partially, wax patterns with a suitable investment material before
    processing, soldering, or casting
  • Casting investment materials: Material consisting principally of
    silica and a bonding agent (binder).
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12
Q
  • According to the nature of the binder, casting investment
    materials can be categorized into three groups:
A
  • According to the nature of the binder, casting investment
    materials can be categorized into there groups:
    . Gypsum-bonded (for use in lower casting temperatures)
    . Silica-bonded
    . Phosphate-bonded (for use in higher casting temperatures)
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13
Q

In the case of acrylic denture production the baseplate wax is
invested in a

A

In the case of acrylic denture production the baseplate wax is
invested in a two-part split mold using dental plaster or stone as
the investment (Flasking). Following removal of the wax the
resulting mold is filled with acrylic resin.

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14
Q
  • Metal:
A
  • Metal: Any strong and relatively ductile substance that provides
    electropositive ions to a corrosive environment and that can be
    polished to a high luster. Metals are characterized by metallic
    atomic bonding.
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15
Q
  • Alloy:
A
  • Alloy: A mixture of two or more metals or metalloids* that are
    mutually soluble in the molten state.

Alloying elements** are
added to alter the hardness, strength, and toughness of a metallic
element, thus obtaining properties not found in a pure metal

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16
Q
  • A metalloid (semimetal) is any
A
  • A metalloid (semimetal) is any chemical element which has properties in between those of metals and
    nonmetals, or that has a mixture of them (boron, silicon, germanium, arsenic, antimony, and tellurium)
17
Q
  • Steel alloys are commonly used for the construction of
  • Gold alloys and alloys containing chromium or cobalt are used for making
  • Dental amalgam, an alloy containing
A
  • Steel alloys are commonly used for the construction of
    instruments and of wires for orthodontics.
  • Gold alloys and alloys containing chromium or cobalt are used for
    making crowns, inlays, onlays and denture bases.
  • Dental amalgam, an alloy containing mercury, is the most widely
    used dental filling material
18
Q
  • Ceramic:
A
  • Ceramic: Refers to any product made from a nonmetallic
    inorganic material usually processed by firing at a high
    temperature to achieve desirable properties.
19
Q
  • Porcelain:
  • Dental Porcelains:
A
  • Porcelain: Refers to a specific compositional range of ceramic
    materials originally made by mixing kaolin = Clay (hydrated
    aluminosilicate: Al2O3·2SiO2·2H2O), quartz (silica), and
    feldspar (potassium and sodium aluminosilicates/
    K2O·Al2O3·6SiO2 and Na2O·Al2O3·6SiO2), and firing at high
    temperature.
  • Dental Porcelains: Contain little or no clay and, therefore, would
    be more described as dental glasses.
20
Q
  • Dental ceramics can be classified according to their crystalline
    phase, fabrication method, or applications.
A
  • Dental ceramics can be classified according to their crystalline
    phase, fabrication method, or applications.
    1. Classification by Crystalline Phase (microstructure):
    I- Glass
    II- Crystalline
    III- Crystalline-containing glass
    2. Classification by Application:
    I - ceramics for metal-ceramic crowns and fixed dental
    prostheses
    II - all-ceramic crowns, inlays, onlays, veneers, and fixed
    dental prostheses.
    III- Denture teeth
21
Q

Monomer:
- Polymer:

A

Monomer: A chemical compound that can undergo
polymerization; any molecule that can be bound to a similar
molecule to form a polymer
- Polymer: A chemical compound consisting of large organic
molecules built by repetition (joining together) of smaller
monomeric units.

22
Q

PMMA acrylic resins have been often applied in

A

PMMA acrylic resins have been often applied in prosthetic
dentistry such as
fabricating of artificial teeth,
dentures,
impression trays,
record bases,
temporary crowns and
maxillofacial prostheses.

23
Q

Acrylic resins are, commonly, supplied in a powder-liquid form.
- Curing (Polymerization) of acrylic resins can take place at

A

Acrylic resins are, commonly, supplied in a powder-liquid form.
- Curing (Polymerization) of acrylic resins can take place at room
temperature (Cold-cured),
or activated by applying heat
(Heat-cured),
microwave energy (Microwave-cured)
or light
(Light-cured).

24
Q

Dental impression:
- Impression materials:

A

Dental impression: A negative imprint of an oral structure used to
produce a positive replica of the structure to be used as a
permanent record or in the production of a dental restoration or
prosthesis.
- Impression materials: Are materials used to make an accurate
replica or mold of the hard and soft oral tissues.

25
Q

Direct Filling materials
- Direct filling materials are used for chairside restoration of teeth.
They replace
- Tooth substance loss can be because of:

A

Direct Filling materials
- Direct filling materials are used for chairside restoration of teeth.
They replace missing/lost tooth substance.
- Tooth substance loss can be because of:
1. Caries
2. Trauma
3. Wear (Abrasion, Attrition, Erosion)

26
Q

Amalgam

A

Amalgam: is an alloy of mercury, silver, copper, and tin, which
may also contain palladium, zinc, and other elements.

27
Q
  • Composite resin:
A
  • Composite resin: a highly cross-linked polymeric material
    reinforced by a dispersion of amorphous silica, glass, or organic
    resin filler particles and/or short fibers bonded to the matrix by a
    coupling agent (Silane).
28
Q

Gic

A
  • Glass ionomer cement: A cement, luting or restorative agent
    composed of an acid-soluble glass, polyacrylic acid, and water.
    Setting is by an acid-base reaction.
29
Q

Classification (structure)
MetallicFilling materials :
1. Alloy:
2. Pure Metal:
Non-Metallic Filling materials :
1. Polymeric:
2. Non-Polymeric:

A

Classification (structure)
MetallicFilling materials :
1. Alloy:
- Amalgam
2. Pure Metal:
- Direct gold filling
Non-Metallic Filling materials :
1. Polymeric:
- Filled resin (Composite resin)
- Unfilled resin (acrylic)
2. Non-Polymeric:
- Glass ionomer cement (GIC)
- Silicate cement

30
Q

Cement :

A

Cement : (1): A binding element or agent used as a substance
to make objects adhere to each other, or something serving to
firmly unite.
2): A material that, on hardening, will fill a space or
bind adjacent objects- syn: luting agent.

31
Q
  • Cementation:
A
  • Cementation: (1): The process of attaching parts by means of
    cement. (2): Attaching a restoration to natural teeth by means of
    a cement
    Classification (Application)
  • Cavity Lining (cavity base)
  • Luting
  • Filling materials
  • Sealing root canals
32
Q

Preventive dental materials

A
  • Cement, coating, or restorative material that either seals pits
    and fissures or releases a therapeutic agent such as fluoride
    to prevent or arrest the demineralization of tooth structure.
  • These include:
    a) Chemotherapeutic agents like Dentifrices, Mouthwashes
    and cavity varnishes.
    b) Pit and fissure sealants.
    c) Fluoride releasing cements.
33
Q

Restorative materials

A

Restorative materials (direct or indirect) are used to restore
function and/or aesthetics in mouths containing damaged,
decayed, or missing teeth
- These include:
1. Amalgam.
2. Bonding agents.
3. Resin-based composites.
4. Compomers.
5. Ceramics.
6. Liners.
7. Cement bases.
8. Dental polymers.

34
Q

Direct restorative materials:
Indirect restorative materials:

A

Direct restorative materials:
- A cement, metal, or resin-based composite that is placed and
formed intraorally to restore teeth and/or to enhance
esthetics.
Indirect restorative materials:
- A ceramic, metal, metal alloys, metal-ceramic, denture base
resins, or dental implants used to produce prostheses in a dental
laboratory, which replace missing teeth, enhance esthetics,
and/or restore damaged teeth.

35
Q

Auxiliary material

A
  • (1) Materials used in the process of fabricating dental
    prosthesis, (2) Substance that is used in the construction of a
    dental prosthesis but that does not become a part of the
    structure.
  • These include:
    1. Impression materials.
    2. Dental waxes.
    3. Gypsum casts and model materials.
    4. Finishing and polishing abrasives.
    5. Acrylic resins for impressions.
    6. Acid etching solutions.
36
Q

Temporary restorative dental materials

A
  • These are products used for dental restorations and appliances
    that are not intended for moderate- or long-term applications,
    i.e. used for a period of a few days to several months to restore
    or replace missing teeth or tooth structure until a more long-
    lasting prosthesis or restoration can be placed.
  • These include:
    1. Temporary cements for luting.
    2. Cements used as temporary filling materials.
    3. Acrylic resins used for inlays, onlays, crowns and fixed
    dental prosthesis.

Prosthodontics (1 decks)

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