Introduction to Degenerative Neurological Conditions

Question 1

What is the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative
disease?

Answer 1

• Neurodegenerative disease: umbrella term for disorders characterized by progressive degeneration of neurones/neuronal cell loss. Has distinct patterns in different disorders, depending on areas affected.
• Hallmark is neuroinflammation
• Causes often unclear and/or multifactorial
• Neurones cannot undergo cell division – if the cell body is damaged, they die
• Neurones are functional unit of nervous system and conduct impulses throughout
• Affect central nervous system (CNS) – brain and spinal cord
• Challenging to diagnose – often exclusion of other conditions
• Progressive – poor long term outcomes and limited treatments

Question 2

What are common features of neurodegenerative diseases?

Answer 2

• Wide range of symptoms – can include physical and behavioural
• Holistic approach and support key as very little in terms of ‘cures’
• Often visible and with social effects – can have stigma attached
• May need to reassure or explain conventional information
• Large burden on carers
• Loss of identity/sense of self