Introduction to Database Systems Flashcards

1
Q

Data

A
  • raw facts
  • building blocks of info
  • must be formatted for storage and retrieval of data
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2
Q

Information

A
  • raw data processed to provide meaning
  • enables knowledge creation
  • supports good decision making when accurate, relevant, and timely
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3
Q

Database

A
  • shared, integrated computer structure storing a collection of logically related data
  • contains data dictionary of description of data characteristics and relationships
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4
Q

Metadata

A
  • data about data
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5
Q

Database Management System

A
  • a software system enabling users to define, create, and maintain data
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6
Q

DBMS - Advantages

A

improves data sharing, security, and access

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7
Q

DBMS - Disadvantages

A

increased cost w/ requirement for up-to-date hardware, software, and highly skilled personnel

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8
Q

single-user

A

supports one user at a time

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9
Q

multiuser

A

supports multiple users at the same time

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10
Q

centralized

A

data located at a single site

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11
Q

distributed

A

data distributed across several different sites

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12
Q

cloud

A

created and maintained using cloud data services providing defined performance measures for the database

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13
Q

operational

A

supports day-to-day operations of the company

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14
Q

analytical

A

stores historical and business metrics used exclusively for tactical or strategic decision making

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15
Q

unstructured data

A

exists in original state

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16
Q

structured data

A

results from formatting

17
Q

semi structured data

A

processed to some extent

18
Q

extensible markup language (XML)

A

represents data elements in textual format

19
Q

database design

A

focuses on design of the database structure used to store and manage end-user data

20
Q

file systems

A
  • organized by expected use
  • data processing specialist converted computer file structure from manual system to track data and produce required reports
21
Q

fields

A

character or group of characters with a specific meaning

22
Q

records

A

one or more fields that describes a person, place, or thing

23
Q

files

A

collection of related records

24
Q

data redundancy

A

same data stored unnecessarily in different places

25
data anomalies
data abnormalities when all changes in redundant data are not made correctly
26
structural dependence
access to file dependent on its own structure | - all file system programs must be modified to conform to a new file structure
27
structural independence
change file structure without affecting data access
28
data dependence
data access changes when data storage characteristics change
29
data independence
data storage characteristics changes do not affect data access
30
system admin
person responsible for overseeing the general operations of the database system
31
database admin
person responsible for managing the DBMS and ensuring the database is functioning properly
32
database designer
person responsible for designing and maintaining the databases
33
database developers
persons responsible for designing, implementing, and maintaining the database-based apps
34
end-users
persons using the app programs to run the daily operations of the organization
35
data dictionary management
stores def. of data elements and their relationships (metadata) in a data dictionary
36
data storage management
performance tuning ensures efficient performance of the database in terms of storage and access speed
37
security management
creates security system that enforces user security and data privacy