Introduction to Data Communication Flashcards
the transmission of information by various types of technologies over a wire, radio,
optical, or other electromagnetic systems.
Telecommunication
refers to devices and systems that facilitate communication by transmitting,
receiving, or processing information via electronic means.
These devices enable the exchange of data over long distances and play a
crucial role in modern communication infrastructure.
Telecommunication Hardware
Devices that manage the routing and connection of communication signals, such as private branch exchanges (PBX) and telephone switches.
Public Switching Equipment
Devices that transmit data across communication channels, including fiber optic cables, microwave radios, and satellite transmitters.
Transmission Equipment
End-user devices like telephones, modems, routers, and set-top boxes that connect to
the communication network.
Customer Premises Equipment (CPE)
are electronic devices that are required for communication and interaction between
devices on a computer network. They mediate data transmission in a computer
network. The most common kind of it today is a copper-based Ethernet adapter
Networking Equipment
Specifically refers to the process of using computing and communication technologies to transfer data (the message) from a sender to a receiver or even back and forth between participating parties.
Functionally similar to what we think of as “regular” communication,
Data Communication
Examples of data communications
hardware
Modems
Routers
Bridges
Switches
Hubs
Digital signal processors (DSPs)
the transfer of data from one digital device to another. This transfer occurs via
point-to-point data streams or channels.
There are two methods for transmitting data: Serial communication and Parallel
communication.
Data Transmission
Types of Data
Transmission
Simplex communication
Half Duplex communication
Full-Duplex communication
It is one-way communication, or we can say that unidirectional communication
in which one device only receives, and another device only sends data and
devices use their entire capacity in transmission.
Simplex communication
It is a two-way communication, or we can say that it is a bidirectional
communication in which both the devices can send and receive data but not at
the same time. When one device is sending data then another device is only
receiving and vice-versa.
Half Duplex communication
It is a two-way communication or we can say that it is a bidirectional
communication in which both the devices can send and receive data at the same
time.
Full-Duplex communication
Transmission Techniques
Analog transmission
Digital transmission
involves the continuous variation of a physical signal, such as
voltage or frequency, to represent the data being transmitted. Examples include AM
(Amplitude Modulation) and FM (Frequency Modulation) used in radio broadcasting.
Analog transmission
involves encoding data as binary digits (0s and 1s) and transmitting them as discrete signals. This technique offers higher reliability and noise immunity compared to analog transmission. Examples include Ethernet for local area networks and USB for connecting peripherals to computers.
Digital transmission
a piece of information that is to be transmitted from one person to
another. It could be a text file, an audio file, a video file, etc.
Message
It is simply a device that sends data messages. It can be a computer, mobile,
telephone, laptop, video camera, or workstation, etc.
Sender
It is a device that receives messages. It can be a computer, telephone mobile,
workstation, etc.
Receiver
The medium that connect two or more workstations. Workstations can be connected by either wired media or wireless media.
Transmission Medium/Communication Channels
Basically the rules
Protocol
The lowest layer of the OSI Model is concerned with electrically or optically
transmitting raw unstructured data bits across the network
It can include
specifications such as voltages, pin layout, cabling, and radio frequencies.
It is responsible for the actual physical connection between the devices.
Physical Layer
Functions of the Physical Layer
Bit synchronization:
Bit rate control:
Physical topologies:
Transmission mode:
Responsible for the node-to-node delivery of the message. The main function of this layer is to make sure data transfer is error-free from one node to another, over the physical layer. When a packet arrives in a network, it is the responsibility of the DLL to transmit it to the Host using its MAC address.
The packet received from the Network layer is further divided into frames
Data Link Layer
