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BMS2.11 Introduction to Cytology Lab > Introduction to Cytology Lab > Flashcards

Introduction to Cytology Lab Flashcards

1
Q

What is the structure in the center green circle?

A

nucleolus

EM

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2
Q

What is the image in the black circle?

A

intercellular space between two lipid bilayers

EM

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3
Q

What is the black arrow pointing to?

A

intercellular space

LM

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4
Q

What is the structure outlined in white?

A

nucleolus

EM

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5
Q

What is the black arrow pointing at?

A

nuclear pore

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6
Q

What are the black arrows pointing at?

A

nuclear pores

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7
Q

Function and structure of cell membrane:

A
  • Barrier between two aqueous compartments
  • Phospholipid bilayer (5-10nm in width)
  • composed of cholesterol, glycolipids, phospholipids, proteins
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8
Q

Function of nucleolus:

A
  • Synthesis of ribosomal rRNA and assembly of ribosomal subunits
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9
Q

Function of nuclear pore:

A
  • Communication gates for macromolecules between cytoplasm and nucleus
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10
Q

The inner nuclear membrane is associated with:

A

nuclear lamins

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11
Q

The outer nuclear membrane is continuous with:

A

endoplasmic reticulum

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12
Q

What are the black arrows pointing to?

A

mitochondria

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13
Q

What are the black arrows pointing to?

A
  • left arrow = mitochondria double membrane
  • top arrow = mitochondria cristae
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14
Q

Mitochondria structure and function:

A
  • ATP production
  • double membrane
  • cristae = folds of inner membrane
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15
Q

Golgi function:

A
  • Modifying, Sorting and Packaging of proteins
  • Targeting enzymes to lysosomes
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16
Q

What is the white arrow pointing to?

A

Golgi apparatus

  • left = EM; stacks
  • right = LM; used silver stain
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17
Q

Golgi can only be visualized with what type of stain?

A

silver stain

will not be visualized in LM with H&E

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18
Q

What is the red arrow pointing to?

A

unstained Golgi in LM with H&E

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19
Q

Lysosome function:

A
  • Membrane bound granules containing hydrolytic enzymes
  • Very difficult to recognize under EM
  • Can be identified using immunocytochemistry
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20
Q

Cell inclusions are:

A
  • Structures in cytoplasm formed from metabolic products of cell.
  • Considered nonliving components of cell.
    • Glycogen (no membrane)
    • Lipid droplets (no membrane)
    • Pigment granules (membrane)
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21
Q

What are the black arrows pointing to?

A

glycogen in EM

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22
Q

What is the black arrow pointing to?

A

Glycogen in LM

stained with Best Carmine Stain

23
Q

What are the arrows pointing to?

A

lipid droplet in EM

24
Q

What is the white arrow pointing to?

A

lipid droplets in LM

stained with toluidine blue

25
Q

Lipid content is usually _____ during the dehydration process of embedding sections.

A
  • washed out
  • lipid droplets appear empty in the H&E sections
26
Q

Secretory granules are:

A
  • membrane bound packets of stored products which have gone through the biosynthetic pathway
27
Q

What are the arrows pointing to?

A

secretory granules

  • left = EM (dark spots, constant shape)
  • right = LM (red spots, constant shape)
28
Q

Cells storing many granules is indicative of:

A

regulated secretion

29
Q

What are the green and black arrows pointing to?

A
  • green arrow = secretory vesicles
  • black arrow = rough ER
30
Q

Rough ER function and structure:

A
  • Membrane system studded with ribosomes
  • Responsible for:
    • Protein synthesis
    • Glycosylation of glycoproteins
31
Q

Smooth ER structure and function:

A
  • System of vesicles and tubules
  • Lipid and steroid biosynthesis
  • Detoxification of drugs
  • Ca++ storage,
32
Q

What are black arrows pointing to?

A

smooth ER

  • right = EM
  • left = LM
33
Q

Functions of cytoskeleton:

A
  • Cell movement
  • Support and strength for the cell
  • Phagocytosis
  • Cytokinesis
  • Cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix adherance
  • Changes cell shape
34
Q

Can Microfilaments, microtubules, or intermediate filaments be seen under LM?

35
Q

What are the black arrows pointing to?

A

Actin filaments of microvilli

36
Q

What is this an image of?

A

cross-section of actin microfilaments of microvilli

37
Q

Actin forms the structural basis of:

A
  • Microvilli
  • Steriocilia
  • Adherent junctions
  • Anchorage and movements of membrane proteins
38
Q

Microvilli:

A
  • Extension of the cell membrane whose core is actin filaments
39
Q

Microtubules:

A
  • Small cylindrical structures composed of tubulin
  • 25nm diameter
40
Q

Microtubules form the structural basis of:

A
  • Centrioles
  • Cilia
  • Basal bodies
  • Mitotic spindles Involved in intracellular traffic of vesicles
41
Q

What is this an image of?

42
Q

What are the dark structures in this image?

A

centrioles

43
Q

Centrioles:

A
  • 9 triplets of microtubules
  • Usually paired structures
  • Important association with microtubule-organizing center of cells
  • Mitotic activity
  • Unable to see under LM
44
Q

What is the green arrow pointing to?

45
Q

What is this an image of?

A

cross-section of cilia

46
Q

Cilia:

A
  • Extension of the cell membrane whose core is microtubules
  • Core of 9 doublets + 1 central doublet of microtubules
47
Q

What is on the left and what is on the right?

A
  • left = microvilli (tight and uniform packed)
  • right = cilia
48
Q

What are the black arrows pointing to?

A

intermediate filaments

49
Q

Intermediate filaments:

A
  • Provide mechanical support for the cell
  • 10nm diameter
50
Q

Location of intermediate filaments:

A
  • Hemidesmosomes
  • Epidermis of skin
  • Skeletal muscle cells
  • Astrocytes
  • Nuclear lamins
51
Q

What is pictured in this image?

A

hemidesmosome

  • attaches epithelial cell to connective tissue
52
Q

What are the black arrows pointing to?

A

Junctional Complexes in LM with H&E

(terminal bar)

53
Q

What are the three domains of a junctional complex?

A
  • zonula occludens (top)
  • zonula adherens (middle)
  • macula adherens (bottom)

BMS2.11 Introduction to Cytology Lab (1 decks)

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