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Cytogenetics > Introduction to Cytogenetics and It's History > Flashcards

Introduction to Cytogenetics and It's History Flashcards

1
Q

study of heredity and variation

A

genetics

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2
Q

it is the difference in genetic sequence

A

variation

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3
Q

what is the study that refers to the transmission of traits and biological aspects from one generation to another?

A

heredity

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4
Q

three (3) primary sources of genetic variation

A

(1) mutations
(2) sex
(3) gene flow

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5
Q

areas of genetics

A

(1) classical genetics
(2) molecular genetics
(3) evolutionary genetics

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6
Q

classical genetics is based on:

A

mendel’s law of:

(1) law of dominance
(2) law of segregation

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7
Q

mendel’s law

A

(1) law of dominance
(2) law of segregation
(3) law of independent assortment

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8
Q

molecular genetics is based on:

A

central dogma of molecular genetics

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9
Q

evolutionary genetics is based on:

A

natural selection by charles darwin

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10
Q

matching type: areas of genetics

mendel’s principle

A

classical genetics

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11
Q

matching type: areas of genetics

structure of dna

A

molecular genetics

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12
Q

matching type: areas of genetics

quantitative genetics

A

evolutionary genetics

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13
Q

matching type: areas of genetics

meiosis and mitosis

A

classical genetics

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14
Q

matching type: areas of genetics

chemistry of dna

A

molecular genetics

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15
Q

matching type: areas of genetics

hardy-weinberg equilibrium

A

evolutionary genetics

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16
Q

matching type: areas of genetics

sex determination

A

classical genetics

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17
Q

matching type: areas of genetics

transcription

A

molecular genetics

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18
Q

matching type: areas of genetics

assumption of equilibrium

A

evolutionary genetics

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19
Q

matching type: areas of genetics

sex linkage

A

classical genetics

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20
Q

matching type: areas of genetics

translation

A

molecular genetics

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21
Q

matching type: areas of genetics

evolution

A

evolutionary genetics

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22
Q

matching type: areas of genetics

chromosomal mapping

A

classical genetics

23
Q

matching type: areas of genetics

dna cloning and genomics

A

molecular genetics

24
Q

matching type: areas of genetics

speciation

A

evolutionary genetics

25
Q

matching type: areas of genetics

cytogenetics (chromosomal changes)

A

classical genetics

26
Q

matching type: areas of genetics

control of gene expression

A

molecular genetics

27
Q

matching type: areas of genetics

dna mutation and repair

A

molecular genetics

28
Q

matching type: areas of genetics

extrachromosomal inheritance

A

molecular genetics

29
Q

mid 1800s discoveries

the theory of evolution by natural selection

A

the origin of species

30
Q

mid 1800s discoveries

published the origin of species, where theory requires heredity to work

A

charles darwin (1859)

31
Q

mid 1800s discoveries

published experiments in plant hybridzations, which lays out the basic theory of genetics

A

gregor mendel (1866)

32
Q

mid 1800s discoveries

isolated nucleic acid from pus cells

A

friedrich miescher (1869)

33
Q

mid 1800s discoveries

proved that the genetic material is needed located in the nucleus

A

ernst haeckel (1871)

34
Q

major events in the 20th century

rediscovery of mendel’s work

A

carl correns, hugo de vries, and erich von tschermak (1900)

35
Q

major events in the 20th century

discovered that alkaptonuria is a genetic human disease

A

archibald garrod (1902)

36
Q

major events in the 20th century

coined “gene”

A

wilhelm johannsen (1902)

37
Q

major events in the 20th century

  • discovered linkage between genes
  • coined “genetics”
A

william bateson (1904)

38
Q

major events in the 20th century

  • discovered the science of genetic linkage
  • coined “epistasis”
A

reginald punnett & william bateson (1910)

39
Q

more 20th century events

  • proved that genes are located in chromosomes through fruit flies (drosophilia)
  • first discovered chromosomal differences between a male and a female
A

thomas hunt morgan (1910)

40
Q

more 20th century events

  • began the study of quantitative genetics by partioning phenotypic variance into a genetic and an environmental component
A

ra fisher (1918)

41
Q

more 20th century events

showed x-ray mutations through fruit flies

A

hermann j. muller (1926)

42
Q

more 20th century events

  • showed that dna can transform bacteria, demonstrating dna is the hereditary material
A

oswald avery, colin macleod, and maclyn mccarty (1944)

43
Q

more 20th century events

determine the structure of dna molecule, which leads directly to knowledge of how it replicates

A

james watson and francis crick (1953)

44
Q

more 20th century events

solves the genetic code, showing the 3 dna base codes for one amino acid

A

marshall nirenberg (1966)

45
Q

more 20th century events

dna base codes for one amino acid

A

a - adenine
c - cytosine
g - guanine
u - uracil

46
Q

more 20th century events

  • an enzyme found in retroviruses used in cloning genes
  • makes dna and rna template
A

reverse transcriptase (1970)

47
Q

more 20th century events

first to create a recombinant dna molecule

A

paul berg (1972)

48
Q

more 20th century events

combined the dna from two different species in vitro then transforming it into bacterial cell (first cloning)

A

stanley cohen and herbery boyer (1972)

49
Q

more 20th century events

introduced the process of sequencing the genome of a bacteriophage

A

frederick sanger (1977)

50
Q

more 20th century events

invented the polymerase chain reaction (pcr)

A

kary mullis (1983)

51
Q

more 20th century events

to sequence and map the genome of man

A

the human genome project (1990)

52
Q

more 20th century events

successfully cloned dolly the sheep

A

ian wilmut and keith campbell (1996)

53
Q

more 20th century events

sequence of the entire human genome

Cytogenetics (1 decks)

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