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BS 198: Special Problems > Introduction to Counseling > Flashcards

Introduction to Counseling Flashcards

1
Q

Who defined counseling as: “The artful application of scientifically derived psychological knowledge and techniques for the purpose of changing human behavior.”?

A

Burke, 1989

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2
Q

Who defined counseling as: “A helping relationship that includes someone seeking help and someone willing to give help who is trained to help in a setting that permits help to be given and received.” ?

A

Cormier & Hackney, 1987

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3
Q

Who defined counseling as: “Consists of whatever ethical activities a counselor undertakes in an effort to help the client engage in those types of behavior which will lead to resolution of the client’s problems.” ?

A

Krumboltz, 1965

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4
Q

Who defined counseling as: “Is about finding meaning and purpose, overcoming obstacles in life, and developing innate potential—it is about what it means to be human.” ?

A

Archer & McCarthy, 2007

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5
Q

Who defined counseling as: “A relationship in which one of the parties has the intent of promoting the growth, development, maturity and improved functioning of the other.” ?

A

Carl Rogers, 1965

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6
Q

How is counseling a PROCESS?

A

It makes use of procedures to make meaningful contribution to the experience.

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7
Q

How is counseling a RELATIONSHIP?

A

It is characterized by trust, confidence and mutual respect to resolve difficulties, make plans and realize self-fulfillment

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8
Q

__________ + ___________ = Psychotherapy

A

Psyche, Therapia

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9
Q

What does “psyche” mean?

A

Soul/Spirit

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10
Q

What does “therapia” mean?

A

Healing/Medical treament

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11
Q

What was the first meaning of psychotherapy?

A
  1. Hypnotherapy

2. The treatment of disease by psychic methods

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12
Q

When psychotherapy was first recorded in 1853, what was it called?

A

Psychotherapeia, or the “remedial influence of mind”

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13
Q

The definition of psychotherapy as “the treatment of disorders of the mind or personality by psychological or psycho- physiological methods” or its modern meaning, was first used by who?

A

Frederic van Eeden in 1892

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14
Q

Who defined psychotherapy as “a situation in which two people interact and try to come to an understanding of one another, with the specific goal of accomplishing something beneficial for the complaining person”?

A

Bruch, 1981

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15
Q

What are the common forms of psychotherapy?

A 
Spoken conversation
Written word
Artwork/Drawing
Drama/Role-playing
Narrative story
Music
Play
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16
Q

Counseling : less intensive :: Psychoherapy : _____________

A

Both intensive and extensive

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17
Q

Counseling is focused on __________, while psychotherapy is focused on ___________

A

Preventive mental health; Reparative intervention

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18
Q

GOALS

Counseling : _________________ :: Psychotherapy : ___________________

A

oriented towards education and developmental concerns ; generally remedial

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19
Q

WORKPLACE

Counseling : _________________ :: Psychotherapy : ___________________

A

educational settings ; hospital settings or in private practice

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20
Q

DURATION

Counseling : _________________ :: Psychotherapy : ___________________

A

12-15 sessions ; beyond 15 sessions (after counseling)

21
Q

CHARACTERISTICS

Counseling : _________________ :: Psychotherapy : ___________________

A

educational, supportive, conscious, oriented in the present, with emphasis on the normal and “short- term” ; in- depth, analytical oriented in the past, emphasis on dysfunction and “long-term”

22
Q

Common features of counselors and psychotherapists according to Frank (1973)

A

A counselor having a personal commitment to help clients

A counselor being given a certain degree of authority and thus inspiring faith and hope in clients

A counselor acting as a mediator between suffering clients and the larger society

A counselor helping clients release emotions, rethink problems and restore morale simply by listening in an empathic manner

A counselor offering a framework for change by providing an explanatory scheme that helps clients understand suffering

A counselor being actively involved in the process of change, over a number of sessions

23
Q

Counselors convert psychological principles into teachable skills through _________.

A

Training

24
Q

Effective counseling entails…

A

Improved relationships
Better coping skills
Personal growth

25
Q

5 stages of counseling

A 
Pre-contemplation stage
Contemplation stage
Preparation stage
Action stage
Maintenance stage
26
Q

STAGES OF COUNSELING:

Clients don’t believe that they have a problem

A

Pre-contemplation stage

27
Q

STAGES OF COUNSELING:

Clients know they have a problem but have not decided what they do about it

A

Contemplation stage

28
Q

STAGES OF COUNSELING:

Made small steps toward change but aren’t really making serious attempt to change their behavior

A

Preparation stage

29
Q

STAGES OF COUNSELING:

Working actively on change, are willing to commit time and energy, and typically have made progress toward their goals

A

Action stage

30
Q

STAGES OF COUNSELING:

Focus on continuing progress and on efforts not to fall back into old patterns and behavior

A

Maintenance stage

31
Q

Important Attributes of an Effective Counselor

A

Knowledge
Skills
Personal Qualities

32
Q

Important Attributes of an Effective Counselor:

Concepts useful for understanding the helping functions (e.g., theories of human behavior)

A

Knowledge

33
Q

Important Attributes of an Effective Counselor:

To communicate and work productively with others (Examples: listening –responding skills, showing empathy)

A

Skills

34
Q

Important Attributes of an Effective Counselor:

Self-awareness, accurate self- concept, confidence, commitment, motivation and warmth

A

Personal Qualities

35
Q

Two Important Skills of an Effective Counselor

A

Communication skills

Relationship Skills

36
Q

Skills under communication skills

A
  • Effective listening

- Responding skills

37
Q

Skills under relationship skills

A
  • Empathy
  • Respect
  • Genuineness
  • Warmth
38
Q

Personal Characteristics of Effective Counselors

A
  1. Psychological Health
  2. Self-awareness
  3. Respect and appreciate themselves
  4. Awareness of values
  5. Recognize and accept their own power
  6. Open to change
  7. Making choices that shape their lives
  8. Feel alive and their choice are life-oriented
  9. Sense of humor
  10. Make mistakes and are willing to admit them
  11. Live in the present
  12. Appreciate the influence of culture
  13. Genuine interest in the welfare of others
  14. Deeply involved in their work and derive meaning from it
  15. Empathic abilities
  16. Personal warmth
  17. Able to maintain healthy boundaries
39
Q

Empathic Abilities:

Thinking ____ rather than thinking ____ and _____ the client.

A

With ; for ; about

40
Q

Levels of Empathy

A

i. Communicates no awareness of even the most obvious feelings
ii. Communicates some awareness but meaning is distorted
iii. Responds with accurate understanding of surface feelings but may respond inappropriately to deeper feelings
iv. Communicates an understanding of the expressions of clients at a deeper level
v. “tuned in” to clients and responds with accuracy

41
Q

Non-verbal cues of personal warmth

A

i. Tone of voice
ii. Facial expression
iii. Posture
iv. Eye contact
v. Touching
vi. Gestures
vii. Physical proximity

42
Q

Is the ability to put oneself in the shoes of other people and see the world as they see it.

A

Empathy

43
Q

Characteristics or conditions— both external and internal—that the client brings to therapy which can have strong impact on the recovery process

A

Client Resources

44
Q

Client’s readiness for change, level of coping, personal/social skills, motivation, ego-strength, intelligence, psychological mindedness and past success in change effort

A

Internal Resources

45
Q

Environmental variables such as social supports, financial resources and fortuitous events. Also include socio-cultural and diversity issues.

A

External Factors

46
Q

Was originally described by Freud (1912) as an attachment of the patient to the analyst and the analyst’s “sympathetic understanding” of the client.

A

Therapeutic Alliance

47
Q

Core conditions of therapeutic alliance according to Rogers

A 
Empathy
Respect
Genuineness
Warmth
Goal consensus
48
Q

The helping relationship is _________ when both personal and intense, relevant, and involves mutual commitment

A

Meaningful

49
Q

The helping relationship involves ___________ when both parties disclose parts of themselves that produce feelings.

A

Feelings

BS 198: Special Problems (1 decks)

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