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Radiologic Contrast Examinations > INTRODUCTION to CONTRAST MEDIA > Flashcards

INTRODUCTION to CONTRAST MEDIA Flashcards

1
Q

radiographic method of demonstrating certain anatomical features which lack natural contrast with the surrounding structures

A

special procedures

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2
Q

the instillation of a substance to produce structural contrast.

A

special procedures

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3
Q

delineating such organs are required and so as suitable contrast medium is employed.

A

Artificial methods

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4
Q

Are substances having a higher or lower atomic number than the surrounding tissues

A

Contrast Media

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5
Q

pharmaceuticals that increase the information content of diagnostic image.

A

Radiographic Contrast Media/Agents
Contrast Media/ Agents
Radiocontrast Agents

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6
Q

Enhance the contrast difference between the different tissues.

A

Radiographic Contrast Media/Agents
Contrast Media/ Agents
Radiocontrast Agents

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7
Q

type of medical contrast medium used to improve the visibility of internal bodily structures in an X-ray based imaging techniques such as Computed tomography (CT) or Radiography.

A

Radiographic Contrast Media/Agents
Contrast Media/ Agents
Radiocontrast Agents

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8
Q

Two types of Radiocontrast Agent Components (compounds)

A

Iodine, Barium compounds

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9
Q

Appears black on the film

A

Radiolucent

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10
Q

Appears white on the film

A

Radiopaque

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11
Q

administered to the patient that is either more radiopaque or more radiolucent than the surrounding tissue

A

Radiographic Contrast Media/Agents
Contrast Media/ Agents
Radiocontrast Agents

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12
Q

Contrast media assesses the _____(4), of the organs

A

size, shape, position and internal architecture

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13
Q

Properties of ideal contrast (4)

A
  1. Different ABSORPTIVE POWER from tissue, thereby producing effective radiographic contrast;
  2. No IRRITANT or TOXIC side effects;
  3. Accurate DELINEATION of the organ;
  4. PERSISTENCE for sufficient time to take radiographs;
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14
Q

Studies that produce more radiopaque information

A

Positive Contrast Studies

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15
Q

best way of detecting a small defect in the wall of the organ, as minor contrast leakage is easily seen

A

Positive contrast studies

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16
Q

coat the mucosal surface of a hollow organ such as the stomach, intestines, bladder

A

positive contrast

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17
Q

Positive Contrast studies produce radiopaque images, this is because the contrast has

A

high atomic number

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18
Q

combination of having contrasts with high and low atomic number

A

double contrast

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19
Q

the most common negative contrast is

A

air

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20
Q

Z of I

A

53

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21
Q

Z of Ba

A

56

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22
Q

when was BaSO4 introduced?

A

1896`

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23
Q

When were x-rays discovered?

A

November 8, 1895

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24
Q

who was the german pharmacist and medical student who introduced BaSO4?

A

Fritz Munk

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25
Q

Barium Sulphate was given as contrast to examine the G.I.T, it was first known to be…

A

the Reider Meal (Rieder sabi ng googol)

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26
Q

an opaque medium that opacify the alimentary tract and that this was likely to be a high density salt which would not be absorbed and which would be excreted unchanged at the end of the procedure.

A

Barium Sulphate

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27
Q

who proposed the descriptions of Barium as an ideal contrast agent for UGIT?

A

Bachem and Gunther

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28
Q

When was the proposal of Barium Sulphate happened?

A

1910

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29
Q

BaSO4 came from what type of minerals?

A

Barites

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30
Q

They are found in igneous rocks, limestone and hydrothermal ore veins, particularly those containing lead and silver.

A

Barites

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31
Q

Type of contrast medium that is administered to record the digestive system

A

Barium Sulphate

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32
Q

Major Deposits of Barites

A

usa germany spain russia

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33
Q

used to mix with barium sulphate

A

water

34
Q

Contrast used for Large Bowel Investigation

A

Barium Enema

35
Q

Contrast used for Oesophagael Investigation

A

Barium Swallow

36
Q

Contrast used for Stomach Investigation

A

Barium Meal

37
Q

Contrast used for Stomach and Small Bowel Investigation

A

Barium follow Through

38
Q

an insoluble white powder is typically used for enhancing contrast in the GI tract

A

BaSO4

39
Q

example of radiographic examination that uses air as contrast medium

A

Arthrogram (joint examination)

40
Q

BaSO4 is ideal for G.I.T because of :

A
  1. Barium is an IDEAL radiographic contrast.
  2. Barium sulfate is NON-ABSORBABLE and NON - TOXIC.
  3. Barium sulfate can be prepared as a STABLE SUSPENSION.
41
Q

most important variable of a barium suspension

A

CONCENTRATION

42
Q

concentration is expressed in

A

wt/vol: grams of barium sulphate in 100mL of suspension

43
Q

particle size is a property of BaSO4. What happens when the size is larger

A

It is preferred in Double contrast studies however it is more likely to sediment or undergo CAKING [pagbubuo - buo]

44
Q

serve to reduce friction between the BaSO4 particles

A

Viscosity

45
Q

shear stress with the different rates of stretchability of BaSO4 coated on the bowel lumen

A

thixotropy

46
Q

property that contributes to the thinness and uniformity of the bowel mucosa coating

A

thixotropy

47
Q

stabilizes, anti-caking, anti flocculation and anti - foaming agents

A

additives

48
Q

side effects of BaSO4 include:

A
  1. Bloating
  2. Constipation (severe, continuing)
  3. Cramping (severe)
  4. Nausea or vomiting
  5. Stomach or lower abdominal pain
  6. Tightness in chest or troubled breathing
  7. Wheezing
49
Q

Hazard and Complications of BaSO4 include:

A
  1. Leakage into the pleural or peritoneal spaces.
  2. Leakage into the mediastinum.
  3. Possible pulmonary aspiration.
  4. Barium given orally in suspected distal large bowel obstruction.
50
Q

Forms of baSO4

A

Powder, Liquid/Suspension

51
Q

examples of powderBaSO4

A

Baryntgen, E-Z paque

52
Q

example of liquid BaSO4

A

Baritop with CO2

53
Q

Radiolucent radiograph is caused by contrast having

A

low atomic number

54
Q

pneumocystogram examines the

A

bladder

55
Q

pneumogastrogram, pneumocolon examines the…

A

G.I.T

56
Q

arthogram examines the

A

joints

57
Q

substance that gives the black on the radiograph

A

negative contrast media

58
Q

examples of negative contrast media

A

Gastroluft, E-Z-Gas, (Air, Carbon Dioxide, Oxygen)

59
Q

4 physical states of contrast media

A

oil, tablets, powder, liquid

60
Q

oil examples

A

Pantopaque, dionisil (myelogram, bronchogram

61
Q

Tablets

A

telepaque, (lopanoic Acid) . Biloptin (lopodate) Cholebrine (iocetamic acid) Bilisectan (lodoalphanoic acid)- hepatobiliary

62
Q

powder contrast media examples

A

Barium sulphate ( baryntgen)

63
Q

Liquid contrast media:

A

all iodinated and non ionic contrast meidum

64
Q

arterial investigation

A

angiography

65
Q

venous investigation

A

venography

66
Q

VCUG

A

Voiding cystourethrography

67
Q

HSG

A

hysterosalpinogram

68
Q

IVU

A

Intravenous urography

69
Q

Difference of ionic and non ionic c.m

A

ionic: high osmolarity, more side effects, expensive

70
Q

made of glass with a constricted neck indicated by a colored ring that is snapped off in order to open it

A

ampoules

71
Q

single or multi-dose glass container with a rubber seal at the top containing liquid or powder forms of a drug.

A

vials

72
Q

are contrast agent salts of electrically negatively charged acids containing iodine that ionizes in solution and causes more patient discomfort

A

ionic c.m

73
Q

are contrast agent that does not ionize in solution and is safer, less painful, and better tolerated by the patient.

A

non ionic c.m

74
Q

A. Urovision
B. Angiografin
C. Hypaque
D. Conray
D. Urografin
E. Urovist
F. Cardio-conray
G. Uromiro
H. Telebrix

A

ionic c.m

75
Q

important factors to consider for c.m

A
  1. It must be NON TOXIC and must be safe both locally where administered.
  2. It must procedure ADEQUATE CONTRAST
  3. It must have a suitable VISCOSITY
  4. It must have a suitable PERSISTENCE
  5. It must have MISCIBILITY OR IMMISCIBILITY as appropriate
76
Q

the maximum amount of a substance that can dissolve in water at equilibrium at a given temperature and pressure.

A

WATER SOLUBILITY

77
Q

Water solubility is also known as

A

aqueous solubility

78
Q

unit of viscosity

A

mPa/s ( millipascals per second)

79
Q

viscosity is ______ proportional to the time it will take for the contrast medium to be diluted by blood to diagnostically useful concentrations

A

direct

: The HIGHER the viscosity of the solution, the LONGER it will take for the contrast medium to be diluted by blood to diagnostically useful concentrations.

80
Q

the concentration of a solution in terms of osmoles of solute per kilogram of solvent.

A

osmolality

Osmolarity refers to the number of solute particles per 1 L of solvent, whereas osmolality is the number of solute particles in 1 kg of solvent.

Radiologic Contrast Examinations (1 decks)

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